FASTENERS Screws, Nails, Bolts…

SCREWS AND NAILS Must resist corrosion Rusting fasteners retain moisture Rot Bleed

SCREWS AND NAILS Galvanized coating Stainless steel Polymer-coated Specify “hot-dipped” Avoid electro-galvanized (bright) Stainless steel Polymer-coated

NAILS Hardened piece of wire Nail length is given in “Penny Weight” (d) 10d nail is about 3” long

PENNYWEIGHT? The term penny originated in England many years ago. Ten penny, four penny, etc., nails got their names from the fact that one hundred nails of that size cost ten pence, four pence, etc. Today penny represents the definite length of a nail measured from the head to the tip of the point. The term penny is still shown by using the English Pence sign d.

NAILS Avoid splitting wood Using pilot holes Flat side with the grain

NAILS Avoid splitting wood Stagger nails

NAILS Avoid splitting wood Blunt tips

NAILS TYPES Smooth shank Ring shank Spiral shank Truss nail Duplex nail (temporary)

NAILS TYPES

SCREWS Greater resistance to withdrawal than nails Specify size by diameter and length ¼” x 3” ½” x 6”

PILOT HOLE for SCREWS Pilot hole should be smaller than screw Thread bites into wood Size of shank

SCREWS TYPES Wood Screws Standard Phillips Square drive Star (torx) drive

Screws Phillips/Square/Slotted combo head

SCREWS TYPES Sheet metal screws Tip acts like a drill bit

SCREWS TYPES Lag Screws Heavy duty screw used when bolts cannot 2 to 8” long

Lag Screws Installation Drill about half the length of lag screw Hammer to bottom of pilot hole Thread the rest of way

LedgerLOK screws http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WWm8RBJ2yWA&playnext=1&list=PLA1B52C642BD82167&feature=results_main

BOLTS Better shear strength than nails and screws Used in major structural joints Size: diameter and length Sizing length: 1” greater than the adjoining boards

PILOT HOLE for BOLTS Pilot hole same size as bolt Thread bite not required Washers and nut required to fasten

BOLT TYPES Standard Bolt Hex or square head

BOLT TYPES Carriage bolt Round head with square base for better look and feel Tighten until square base crunches in

ThruLOK bolts http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ApIDd39LUGc

BOLT TYPES Expanding or wedge bolt Attaching to concrete or brick Flange fits into pre-drilled hole

Wedge Bolt Installation Drill depth of bolt with concrete bit Hammer bolt to bottom of pilot hole Avoid flattening threads Tighten nut and washer

IPE Clips

IPE Clips

JOINING MATERIALS Direct nailing: 1” from end and side

JOINING MATERIALS Toenailing: 45-degree through end of board

JOINING MATERIALS Butt joint: two boards simply butted together

JOINING MATERIALS Miter cut: angle cut across width Miter joint: 90-degree corner

JOINING MATERIALS Bevel cut: angle cut along thickness

JOINING MATERIALS Cross cut: cutting across the grain at 90-degree

JOINING MATERIALS Rip cut: cutting with the grain

Table saw for rip cuts Table saw sensor http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMD3agP5hv0

JOINING MATERIALS Splicing: overlap or gusset over beam

CONNECTORS Joist hanger: connecting joist to ledger

CONNECTORS Post saddle: fastening beam to top of post

CONNECTORS Angle bracket: support under wood (steps)

CONNECTORS Rafter ties: connect joist to beam