1. Fasteners and Cold Metal
By: John Templeton

2. Objectives Identify different types of bolts and screws
Identify different bolt grades and their tensile strengths
Recognize different thread patterns
Identify different type of metal shapes and equipment used to work metal cold.

3. Objectives Explain different types of screws and their uses
Identify the different types of screw heads

4. Bolts and Screws
A bolt is a device used with a nut to fasten two parts together.
A screw is a device used as a threaded fastener

5. Bolts
Bolts are classified according to grades by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)
SAE markings (slashes) on the head of a bolt identify its grade and tensile strength

6. SAE Grade Markings for Steel Bolts

7. Bolt Threads Can be classified by UNF, UNEF or UNC
Universal National Fine
Universal National Extra Fine
Universal National Coarse

8. Bolt Threads
Threads are measured on a per inch basis

9. Descriptions of Commonly Used Bolts
Carriage Bolts
Used to fasten wood to metal
Stove Bolts
Used for lighter work then carriage bolts
They have round, oval and flat slotted heads

10. Descriptions of Commonly Used Bolts
Stud Bolts
Used to fasten the cylinder head of an engine to the cylinder block
Lag bolts
Used with expansion shields to fasten wood and other materials to concrete brick or stone

11. Types of Bolt Heads
Hexagon
Plow Bolt
Twelve Point Head
Hex head

12. Types of Screws Sheet-metal type Machine type
Used to reduce welding, riveting and soldering
Machine type
Used in the construction of equipment and machinery

13. Types of Screws

14. Identifying Metal by Shape

15. Expanded Metal, Plate Steel and Diamond Plate

16. Identifying Measurements
Length, width and thickness
Measure with tape measure or caliper
- Can be in inches or Millimeters
ID and OD
Inside diameter and outside diameter

17. Marking Metal
Cold chisel
Punch

18. Cutting Metal Cold Hacksaw Metal Shear Cuts flat, and angle
Punches holes

19. Bending Metal Cold
Pipe Bender
Sheet Metal Roller

20. Metal Breaks