Chapter 15 Section 3 Notes How the New Deal Effects Different Groups

Women and the New Deal Positions in Federal Govt. Frances Perkins 1st Female Cabinet Member Sec. of Labor Helped get Soc. Security underway Florence E. Allen 1st Female Federal Court Judge Denied for Supreme Court Positions in the Workplace More married women worked

Women Discriminated against Some businesses would only hire men 80% of public thought wife shouldn’t work if husband had a job Some Fed. Agencies hired less women than men (or none) CCC was all male

Women mostly support FDR Love his wife Love his energy and optimism Created more jobs

African – Americans and the New Deal Over 100 Positions in Fed. Govt. (most ever at the time) Many due to Eleanor Marian Anderson story (in book… pg. 506) Singer, discrimated against, Lincoln Memorial Mary McLeod Bethune Head Division of Negro Affairs in NYA Hired people to provide job training Gave educational assistance to minorities Organized “Black Cabinet” Advised FDR on race issues

1st time a president asked for input from a large number of African – Americans on issues concerning them

Af-Ams. Discriminated Against FDR didn’t fight hard for full Civil Rights Many work programs discriminated against blacks Lower pay and fewer opportunities for jobs didn’t want to get voters in South mad at him wouldn’t support anti – lynching bill Summary = Most Blacks liked FDR. Better than the alternatives

Mexican – Americans and the New Deal Generally supported FDR Many worked for very low wages as laborers on farms Faced lots of discrimination Some programs helped them depending on their status Legal aliens with an address = able to get a job (CCC) No permanent address (migrant) = unable to get work

Native – Americans and the New Deal Generally supported FDR Indian Reorganization Act (1934) Change from Dawes Plan (tried to assimilate Indians) Govt. believed each Native Am. tribe should be independent Communal ownership of tribal land Children educated on reservation by the tribe Allowed to elect officials to govern themselves Most liked these changes

Labor Unions during the New Deal Wagner Act increased their membership dramatically better working conditions increased collective bargaining 2 major unions American Federation of Labor (AFL) Divided workers by job type (explain) Only accepted skilled laborers (restrictive) Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) Believed in industry wide unions (like UAW) Accepted unskilled laborers (inclusive) Labor Day Becomes a National holiday In 1894

Sit – Down Strikes

Main tactic used by labor unions during the 1930’s Prevented scabs from replacing workers Stopped production from continuing Most were successful, but some led to violence Memorial Day Massacre (Chicago, Steel workers, 10 dead, 80+ wounded) Flint, Michigan (auto) strikes (GM plant, video on website)

New Deal Coalition diverse mix of people that supported Dem Party under FDR farmers, women, blacks, Hispanics, unions, Indians played major role in getting FDR reelected in 1936 won 12 largest U.S. cities Won all but 2 states (in Sec 2 powerpoint) Huge landslide victory