27.3-Europeans Claim Muslim Lands Student Objectives Summarize the decline of the Ottoman Empire Describe the Crimean War Analyze Egypt’s reforms Evaluate Persia’s response to foreign pressure

Looking to the Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire-Muslim Empire stretched three continents Africa, Asia, and Europe Decline in 1700s Government broke up into quarrelling and corrupt factions Corruption & theft=financial losses Inflation Greece & Serbia both gained independence from Ottomans Europeans saw weakness-looked to take land from the Ottomans What were some of the many issues facing the Ottoman Empire? Remind yourself of what happens when a country experiences inflation? Look at the map of the Ottoman Empire. What do you notice about its growth? What may have been some reasons why Europeans would be interested in taking over this land?

Acquiring Territory Geopolitics-interest in taking land for strategic location or products Access to Mediterranean and Atlantic sea trade Russia-wanted passage for grain markets Waged war on Ottomans to gain access to Black Sea Crimean War (1853)-Russia v. Ottoman Empire, Britain, and France New war Ottoman Empire won-still very weak Continued to lose land What would be some of the reasons why Britain and France would fight with the Ottoman Empire against Russia? What are the two major things that happened in the Crimean War that made it a “new war?” What do you notice about the map of the Ottoman Empire in comparison to the one from the previous slide?

Egypt’s Reforms Egypt realized needed to reform or else be taken over by Europe Muhammad Ali-major leader Gained control of Syria and Arabia Started using cotton as cash crop Brought Egypt into world economy Peasants lost their land Continued by grandson Ismai’il Built Suez Canal-connected Red Sea to Mediterranean Other projects built up too much debt British came in to oversee project and took control of Egypt Why were peasants negatively affected by the move of Muhammad Ali to move to cotton? Overall, were the attempts of Egypt to modernize successful? What ended up happening?

Persia Pressured to Change Persia under pressure Forced to give up land to Russia Had to give up all claims to Afghanistan Lots of oil discovered in Persia Unable to develop own resources Allowed Western businesses to operate in an area or develop product Issues and divisions with this setup Taken over by Russia and Britain Exercised full economic control over Persia 1. How did the imperialism in Muslim lands (Persia and other parts of the Ottoman Empire) compare to the imperialism of Africa? What are things that are similar? What are major differences?