PREHISTORY UNIT 8

Timelines??? What are timelines???? BEFORE STARTING… A BIT OF ORDER IN OUR PAST… LET´S START BY TIMELINES… Timelines??? A representation or exhibit of key events within a particular historical period, often consisting of illustrative visual material accompanied by written commentary, arranged chronologically What are timelines????

IN THIS UNIT, YOU WILL LEARN ABOUT HUMAN EVOLUTION IDENTIFY THE PERIODS OF PREHISTORY AND STUDY THEIR CHARACTERISTICS LEARN WHEN HUMANS BEGAN TO USE METALS WORK OUT HISTORICAL PERIODS AND DATES USE INTERNET SOURCES ON PREHISTORY IN SPAIN

PREHISTORY INCLUDES THE STUDY OF HOMINIDS, THE EARLY PRIMATES DEFINITION PREHISTORY PREHISTORY IS THE EARLIEST, AND LONGEST, PERIOD OF HISTORY. IT COVERS ALL HUMAN HISTORY UNTIL WRITING WAS INVENTED, ABOUT 5000 YEARS AGO PREHISTORY INCLUDES THE STUDY OF HOMINIDS, THE EARLY PRIMATES AS THERE ARE NO WRITTEN RECORDS FOR THIS PERIOD WE EXAMINE REMAINS LIKE BONES, TOOLS OF CAVE PAINTIGS

HOMINISATION THE PROCESS BY WHICH HUMAN BEINGS ACQUIRED THEIR PRESENT CHARACTERISTICS DURING THEIR SLOW EVOLUTION OVER A LONG PERIOD OF TIME IS AS HOMINIDS LEARNED TO WALK UPRIGHT ON TWO LEGS, THEIR HANDS BECAME FREE TO USE TOOLS AFTER HOMINIDS DISCOVERED FIRE, THEY LEARN TO COOK. CONSEQUENTLY, THEY ATE SOFTER FOOD, AND THEIR JAWBONES AND TEETH BECAME SMALLER THE SKULLS OF HOMINIDS GREW BIGGER AND THEIR BRAIN SIZE ALSO INCREASED. THIS HELPED THEM TO THINK CREATIVELY, TO ACQUIRE LANGUAGE AND TO COMMUNICATE

EVOLUCIÓN DEL SER HUMANO 4:53 Fossil remains of the earliest hominids were found in several sites in the Rift Valley in East Africa. Some hominids lived in Africa more than 4 million years ago. The first hominids SCIENTISTS BELIEVE THAT THE ANCESTORS OF ALL HUMAN BEINGS ORIGINALLY LIVED IN AFRICA were found In Africa Later, there were several waves of migration from Africa into Europe and Asia. The remains of Homo antecesor found at Atapuerca (Burgos) are the oldest on the Iberian Peninsula Hominids first appeared in East Africa and from there they colonised the rest of the planet. During the process they evolved into human beings we see today EVOLUCIÓN DEL SER HUMANO 4:53

The Paleolithic age definition THE PALEOLITHIC AGE (or “old stone” lasted from 2,50 million years ago to about 10.000 years ago definition ARE WE IN THE RIGHT PLACE???? I am the Homo Habilis, Who are you? There were very cold periods when many parts of the Earth were covered in ice, but there were also milder periods. Homo habilis, Spanish , 10´

LIFESTYLE IN THE PALEOLITHIC AGE Early humans learned to adapt to the changes in their natural environment And I am the Homo Erectus, the one who invented the fire, do you remember how much improvement did we get with this invention…? Early humans hunted, fished and gathered fruit They were nomads who moved around in groups to find food. They lived in simple shelters and sometimes in caves They made stone tools

BELIEFS AND ART Early humans buried dead people with funeral objects. This shows that they had religious beliefs. I am the Homo antecessor from Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain) I am a direct ancestor of the Homo Sapiens and Homo Neanderthal They practised rituals to protect themselves against natural dangers like lightning They painted animals on caves using natural materials like coal, blood and plants It is possible that they believed that painting was magical and led to successful hunting They also made statues of women. These were so exaggerated that is believed they were probably fertility symbols

HOMANISATION LAST CHAPTER HOMO NEANDERTHALENSIS HOMO HEILDERBENGENSIS IT WAS EXTINCTED ONCE H. SAPIENS EXTENDED BIG BRAIN 1700 CC LINK BETWEEN H. ANTECESSOR AND H. NEANDERTHALENSIS HOMO SAPIENS

THE NEOLITHIC AGE THE NEOLITHIC AGE –OR NEW STONE- BEGAN ABOUT 8000BC, AND LASTED UNTIL 4000BC PEOPLE STARTED CULTIVATING PLANTS, AND DEVELOPED AGRICULTURE. THEY DOMESTICATED ANIMALS. AT THE BEGINNING OF THIS PERIOD, THE EARTH´S CLIMATE BECAME WARMER. THE ICE THAT COVERED PARTS OF THE EARTHS´S SURFACE MELTED, SO PEOPLE LIVED IN NEW TYPES OF LANDSCAPES. THIS LED TO MANY CHANGES THEY COULD NOW USE LIVESTOCK TO HAVE MEAT, MILK AND LEATHER WHEN THEY WANTED ALL THESE CHANGES TOGETHER WERE SO IMPORTANT THAT WE CALL THIS PERIOD THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION POTTERY WAS INVENTED. THEY COULD NOW USE POTS TO TRANSPORT FOOD AND WATER. TEXTILES AND BASKETS WERE INVENTED PEOPLE MADE MUCH BETTER TOOLS, LIKE PLOUGHS AND WEAPONS, LIKE AXES

THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION CAUSED MANY CHANGES IN PEOPLES´ LIVES GROUP WORK: HOW MANY DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES CAN YOU IDENTIFY -OR GUESS- THEY ARE DOING? THE LIFE STYLE IN THE NEOLITHIC AGE THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION CAUSED MANY CHANGES IN PEOPLES´ LIVES TASK IN GROUPS: DISCUSS FOR SOME MINUTES SOME OF THOSE CHANGES... PEOPLE DID NOT NEED TO MOVE AROUND TO FIND FOOD BECAUSE THEY NOW HAD LIVESTOCK AND AGRICULTURE. THEY THEREFORE BECAME… YES, THEY BECAME… SEDENTARY WHAT DID THEY BECOME? POPULATION INCREASED BECAUSE PEOPLE ATE BETTER FOOD SOCIETY BECAME MORE COMPLEX. SOME PEOPLE WORK AS ARTISANS, AND OTHERS WORKED IN AGRICULTURE BARTER: To trade goods or services without the exchange of money WHEN SETTLEMENTS PRODUCED MORE THAN THEY NEEDED, THEY EXCHANGED PRODUCTS WITH OTHER SETTLEMENTS. THIS IS THE BEGINNING OF TRADE IT WAS CALLED BARTER SPECIALISATION APPEARS. THE CRAFTSMEN MADE TOOLS AND WEAPONS. THE FARMERS CULTIVATED THE FIELDS AND ROSE THE LIVESTOCK BUT, WHAT IS BARTER?

NEOLITHIC CULTURE NEOLITHIC CULTURE DEVELOPED IN DIFFERENT PLACES, ESPECIALLY WHERE WERE GREAT RIVERS PLAINS

THESE PERIODS DID NOT BEGIN AT THE SAME TIME IN ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD THE METAL AGES FROM 4000 BC, PEOPLE IN THE MIDDLE EAST BEGAN TO MAKE METAL OBJECTS. WEAPONS THEY USED FIRE TO HEAT METAL AND TURN IT INTO TOOLS AN WEAPONS COOPER AGE (4000 BC) BRONZE AGE (3000 BC) IRON AGE (1000 BC) THESE PERIODS DID NOT BEGIN AT THE SAME TIME IN ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD

THE METAL AGES THE USE OF THE METAL LED TO IMPORTANT CHANGES METAL WORKING WAS COMPLEX, SO WORKERS BECAME MORE SPECIALISED METAL TOOLS, SUCH AS THE PLOUGH, IMPROVED TECHNIQUES IN AGRICULTURE PEOPLE WHO HAD METAL WEAPONS, LIKE SWORDS AND SPEARS, ACQUIRED GREATER POWER. SETTLEMENTS NEEDED WALLS FOR PROTECTION INCREASED TRADE, AND THE INVENTION OF MONEY, LED TO GREATER SOCIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE RICH AND POOR

LIFE STYLE IN THE METAL AGES

BELIEFS AND ART DURING THE METAL AGES MENHIRS WERE SINGLE, STANDING STONES. THEY WERE OFTEN ALIGNED IN LONG LINES DOLMENS WERE GROUPS OF VERTICAL STONES COVERED BY LARGE HORIZONTAL STONES. THE SPACE INSIDE WAS USED FOR BURIALS CROMLECHS WERE GROUPS OF MENHIRS DISPLAYED IN CIRCLES BELIEFS AND ART DURING THE METAL AGES THESE ENORMOUS STONE CONSTRUCTIONS WERE KNOWN AS MEGALITHIC MONUMENTS. THEY WERE RELIGIOUS SITES AND TOMBS

ANY QUESTIONS?