1. Chapter 1
Prehistory

2. Pre-history- time before written records
Chapter 1.1
Pre-history- time before written records

3. Prehistory
Archaeologists & Antropologists- create theories, not facts based on archaeological/ and biological info.
Archaelogists- studies structures of past society based on analyzing artifacts.
Antropologists- focuses on culture by studying artifacts and fossils.
Both want to know how old something is.

4. Discoveries
Study tools/ weapons- theories of economic and military structures.
Study bones/hides- tells us about the diets of people.
Radiocarbon dating- accurate to 50,000 yrs. Old.
Thermo luminescence dating- accurate to 200,000 yrs. Old.
DNA/Blood molecule analysis gives info. About societies of pre-history.

5. Oldest to Youngest Australopithecines- 3 to 4 million yrs ago
Homo habilis- 2.5 to 1.5 million yrs. Ago.
Homo- erectus- 1.5 to 70,000 yrs. Ago
Homo sapiens- 250,000 yrs ago to 100,000 yrs ago
Neanderthals- 100,000 to 30,000 BC
Cro- magnon- 40,000 to 8,000 BC
Homo- sapien- sapiens- about 100,000 yrs ago to present.

6. Stages of Man’s Development
Australopithecines
Nickname: southern Apes
Place of Origin: Africa, East/South
Time lived: 3 to 4 million yrs. Ago.
Characteristics:
1st to walk upright
1st to make stone tools, simple
Small brains, projecting face
Brian 500 cm

7. Homo habilis Nickname- handy man Place of origin- East Africa
Time lived- 2.5 million to 1.5 million yrs. Ago
Characteristics
3’ to 5’, 73 lbs to 120 lbs
More advanced stone tools. Brain 700 cm

8. Homo-erectus nickname: man who walks upright
Place of origin: Africa, then Europe, and Asia.
Time lived: 1.5 million years ago to 70,000 years ago
Characteristics:
larger, bigger variety of stone tools
Learned to use fire
Looked like modern man, but 70% smaller brain (brain 1,000 cm)
5’9”, 130 lbs.

9. Homo- Sapiens Nickname: wise human beings
Place of origin: Africa, Europe, then Asia
Time lived: 250,000 to 100,000 years ago.

10. Neanderthals Subgroup of homo- sapiens
Place: Europe, Neader Valley in Germany. (Europe, S.W. Asia)
Time: 100,000 to 30,000 BC
Characteristics:
Variety of stone tools
1st to bury their dead (might have had a religion)
Made clothes from animal skins
5’2” 120 to 150 lbs
Stockey, short limbs

11. Cro- magnon Subgroup of Homo- sapiens 1st found in France, Europe
Time lived- 40,000 to 8,000 BC
Characteristics:
Looked like us- taller, more robust physique, larger brain capacity cm.
Created art.

12. Homo- Sapien sapiens Nickname: wise, wise, man
Place of origin: Africa, to Europe, to all parts of world
Time lived: 100,000 to present
Characteristics: 4’6” to 6’2” 110 to 120 lbs modern man.

13. Paleolithic Age
Greek word for Old Stone Age- lasted from 2,500,000 to 10,000 BC
Period of time humans used simple tools made of stone.
Nomadic- they needed to follow animal migrations and vegetation cycles. (small groups 20 to 30 people)
Hunters/gatherers- ate animals, hunted, gathered berries, fruits, wild grains, etc.

14. Role of men/women
Both men and women played an important role in providing for the groups survival. Men hunted & the women gathered. Therefore, a rough equality existed.
When early man moved into colder climates, (500,000 yrs. ago- started use of fire)

15. Fire’s Importance
Warmth- helped during the Iceage in Europe, Asia, and North America which lasted from 100,000 to 8,000 BC.
Protection-scared away animals.
Cook food- better tasting, easier to digest.
made by friction, or use of iron pyrites.

16. Art ADD PICTURE Lascauz (la. Skoh) S.W. France 25,000 to 12,000 BC.
Magical or ritual use to insure success in hunting.
Colors used- red, yellow, and black.

17. 8,000 BC to 4,000 BC- Greek for New Stone Age
Neolithic Age
8,000 BC to 4,000 BC- Greek for New Stone Age

18. Neolithic Revolution
Shift from hunting/gathering to the keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis.
This is called systematic agriculture
It provides a regular supply of food
Domestication of animals (adaptation of animals for human use), provided regular supply of meat, milk, and wool. (Also animals could do work)- This led to an agricultural revolution
** most important development in history

19. Consequences of the Neolithic Revolution
Humans could have greater control over environment
Humans could give up nomadic ways of life and live in settled communities.
Food surpluses made it possible for people to do things other than farming (not worried about survival)
Artisans- skilled workers- made jewelry, weapons, and traded w/ neighbors leads to the start of trade exposes people to other cultures.
Religion starts to grow
Villages or towns start
Trade starts
Division of labor stars  certain people specialize in certain crafts.
Flax/cotton used to make cloth.
Roles of men/women change. The men became more active in farming/herding (took them away from home). The women stayed home, cared for children, wove cloth, and turned milk into cheese.
The men were therefore taking on a more dominant role than women, because they were taking more responsibility for getting food and protecting the settlement (This continues today).

20. 4,000 to 3,000 BC
Metals are starting to be used. Copper is the 1st metal used
Bronze Age- 3,000 BC to 1,200 BC-