Progressives

Fighting Corruption c. Who is Boss Tweed? a. What is corruption? Dishonest or illegal actions Ex: governor takes “government” plane to a vacation Ex: town councilman takes a bribe and votes to build a highway b. What are political machines? Powerful organizations linked to political parties Controlled local government (city council, mayor etc…) Controlled who got government jobs c. Who is Boss Tweed? William Tweed who controls NYC Democratic Party

Corruption Political Machines & Boss Tweed Thomas Nast William M. Tweed ran New York City’s Democratic Party political machine The Tweed Ring controlled the city’s police, courts and some newpapers Collected millions of dollars in bribes Thomas Nast Newspaper cartoonist exposes corruption in NYC in the paper Tweed is investigated, arrested, found guilty and sent to prison Cities across the nation attempt to end corruption

Spoils System Spoils System Pendelton Act Andrew Jackson formalized practice of patronage that gives supporters jobs in government Many people who get jobs are unqualified President Hayes and Garfield attempt to end the system Pendelton Act President Arthur signs bill that establishes the Civil Service Commission Applicants for federal government jobs must pass examination demonstrating the skills necessary for the job

What company?

Sherman-Anti Trust Act Monopoly Monopoly Trusts and monopolies controlled certain key industries (oil, steel etc…) Many believed they had too much money and power Sherman-Anti Trust Act In early, 1900s, the law is used to break up monopolies Most famous monopoly broken up was the Standard Oil Trust T. Roosevelt was known as the “trust buster”

Railroads ICC Oligopoly In 1887, Interstate Commerce Act passed Required railroad companies to charge and publish “reasonable and just” rates Oligopoly A few companies controlled prices of railroads in the entire industry

Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle Food Food “Horrors” of the meatpacking industry Mukrakers & Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle Muckrakers are reporters who expose corruption in society (muck = dirt = corruption) Upton Sinclair writes a book about the meat packing industry shocking people Congress passes the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act

Muckrakers a. Who where the Muckrakers? How did they expose problems in America? Muckrakers are reporters who expose corruption in society (muck = dirt = corruption) Ida Tarbell = exposed unfair practices of Standard Oil Upton Sinclair = “horrors” food industry Robert La Follette = encouraged direct primary elections

What were three causes “women” fought for to improve America? Suffrage – “woman’s vote” Charities and Community Organization – settlement houses and libraries Prohibition – banning alcohol

What three presidents are known as “progressive presidents” What three presidents are known as “progressive presidents”? List one cause that they helped reform. Theodore Roosevelt - conservation William Howard Taft – anti-trusts & worker safety Woodrow Wilson – tariff reform

Roosevelt’s Square Deal “Fair and equal treatment for all citizens” Proposed an active role for FEDERAL GOVERNMENT to balance problems between “big business” and “labor” Treated labor unions as equals (miner’s strike) Uses Sherman Anti-Trust Act – against trusts Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act – safer food by inspection Antiquities Act – president controls “public lands”

“Progressive” Amendments 16th Amendment – Income Tax (allows for tariff reform and prohibition of liquor) 17th Amendment – Direct Election of Senators (more democracy – people vote)

19th Amendment – Women’s Right to Vote 18th Amendment – Prohibition of Liquor (no making, transporting, buying or selling of liquor) 19th Amendment – Women’s Right to Vote (allows for women to vote in all elections)

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