Imperialism Mr. Mize

An Age of Ideologies (systems of thought and belief) between conservatives and liberals plunged Europe into 30 years of turmoil (conservative vs. liberal activity) Conservatives Prefer the Old Order (successful at the Congress of Vienna) and believed talk of natural rights and constitutional government led to chaos

Central Europe Challenges the Old Order as revolutions began in the Balkan Peninsula (Ottoman Empire) Serbia Seeks Independence (1804-1813) using guerrilla warfare, but it was unsuccessful Greece Revolts to End Ottoman Rule calling it “a national war,” a holy war, a war to regain the rights and individual liberties; By 1830 Greece was independent More Challenges Erupt in Spain, Portugal, and various states in the Italian peninsula (all struggling for constitutional governments)

Revolution Surges Through Europe as middle-class liberals wanted a greater share of political power and protect the basic rights of all male citizens; workers demanded relief from miseries of the Industrial Revolution; nationalist wanted to over throw foreign rule Change in the Austrian Empire occurred as revolts broke out in major cities, demanding an independent government, an end to serfdom, and a written constitution (Revolution failed)

Rebellion in the German States began as hard economic times hit King Fredrick William IV was forced to sign a constitution The Frankfurt Assembly offered Prussia’s King Frederick William IV the crown of a united Germany, and Frederick rejected the offer because he said the offer “came from the gutter” (offer came from the people)

Section 1; Building a German Nation started when Bismarck delivered his “blood and iron” speech in 1862 Taking Initial Steps Toward Unity took place following Napoleon’s invasions

Bismarck Unites Germany through his “blood and iron” policy while working in the Prussian government Master of Realpolitik (politics based on the needs of the state), he was the architect of unification and became the 1st chancellor of the new German Empire Strengthening the Army occurred by taking money from other areas creating a powerful, well-equipped military; Bismarck then focused on foreign policy

Prussia Declares War On Denmark and Austria as Prussia first formed an alliance with Austria, takes 2 provinces from Denmark; Bismarck created an excuse to attack Austria; Franco-Prussian War was won by Prussia in 7 weeks; Prussia then annexed several northern German states creating a new confederation dominated by Prussia

Birth of the German Empire occurred as William I of Prussia took the title Kaiser (emperor), and this is the birth of the 2nd Reich (heir to the Holy Roman Empire) Set up a 2-house legislature… Bundesrat – upper house / rulers or kings Reichstag – lower house / elected officials

Answer the following questions dealing with the map to the left. 1 Answer the following questions dealing with the map to the left. 1. How does this map relate to this section’s information? 2. What country does the Prussian Kingdom eventually turn into? 3. What could an effect of Prussia annexing land from France be in the future?

Causes of WWI M-Militarism A-Alliances I-Imperialism N-Nationalism

Causes of WWI Militarism Alliances Many of Europe’s countries competed to have the largest military Having a large military made each country think they could never lose. Made war look romantic Alliances The most powerful countries in Europe formed alliances to protect each other and their interests. Thought that it would prevent wars

Causes of WWI Imperialism Nationalism European countries competed to control the world resources. This threatened other countries who continued to increase spending on their militaries to defend their interests. Nationalism Minority ethnic groups wanted to break away from old European empires. Examples: Balkan Region Slavic nations: Poland and Czechoslovakia

German & France France and Germany hated each other! When Germany became united country in 1870-1, France went to war to try to stop it … but got WHOPPED!

Germany & France France also lost Alsace-Lorraine in 1871. The French never forgave the Germans. They wanted REVENGE.

Germany & France Germany’s BIG problem was that it was IN THE MIDDLE of Europe. That made it VULNERABLE if it came to a war.