1. Nationalism

2. Building a German Nation
Napoleon Made territorial changes
Got Holy Roman Empire out of Lands
Germany demanded unified state
German confederation
Zollverein- economic union- no tariffs

3. Bismarck Unites Germany
Otto Van Bismarck
Served Prussia as diplomat
Prime minister to Chancellor
“blood and Iron”
Realpolitik- realistic politics based on the needs of the state

4. Bismarck Unites Germany
Built up Prussian army
Aggressive foreign policy
Led Prussia into three wars
Form alliance with Austria
Austro-Prussian War
Annexed North German States

5. Bismarck Unites Germany
Napoleon III angered war with Prussia
Franco-Prussian War
Bismarck uses Nationalism
Bismarck edited correspondents to force France to attack
Prussia Crushes France with superior force
Won in a few weeks

6. Birth of the German Empire
William I becomes Kaiser(emperor)
Birth of Second Reich (after Holy Roman Empire)
Constitution written by Bismarck
2 house legislature
Real power in hands of emperor and chancellor

7. Germany becomes and Industrial Giant
Ample Iron and coal
Disciplined and educated workforce
41 mil to 67 mil in 43 yrs
Produced steel and weapons for world markets
First to value applied science, synthetic chemicals and dye
Hired and trained scientists in universities
Reorganized bank, raised tariffs

8. The Iron Chancellor
Bismarck kept France weak and strong links to Russia and Austria
Crushed threats to German state
Passed laws to help workers to keep them from socialism
Kaiser William II
Social welfare-programs to help certain groups of people
Germany military most powerful in Europe

9. Unifying Italy Napoleon sparked dream of unity
Parts see themselves as own nation
Focused on expelling Austrians
Count Camillo Cavour Prime minister
Alliance with France- fought and beat Austria
1,000 “Red Shirts” took Sicily
Victor Emanuel II king of Italy
Gained Roman and Venice after two Prussian Wars
Italy Unified