1. CH 22 Nationalism Triumphs in Europe

2. Section 1 & 2 Building a German Nation
1862 Prussian King William I makes Otto Van Bismark CHANCELLOR, highest official under the monarchy.
Bismark will use his policy of “blood and iron” to unite German states under Prussian rule.

3. How does he do it?
REALPOLITIK – realistic politics based on the needs of the state.
He hoped to bring more power to Prussia by unifying Germany.
1) Strengthens the Prussian army.
2) Fights three wars (vs Denmark, Austria and France) winning all three and annexing their German territories.
1871 William I takes title Kaiser (emperor) starting the 2nd Reich (HRE) with a two house legislature (Bundesrat- upper house) (Reichstag – lower house)

5. Germany Strengthens – By 1871 France domination ends, Germany now dominant
Germany rivals GB as an industrial giant due to iron and coal, middle class, growing population.
Issues single currency, organizes banking system.
MILITARY AND ECONOMIC POWERHOUSE

6. THE IRON CHANCELLOR
Foreign Policy Goals – weaken France, ally with Austria and Russia.
Domestic Goals – try to weaken Catholic Church and Socialist Party by repressing both groups.
Backfires and Bismark works to make peace with both groups, leading country in social safeguards and reforms.

7. Kaiser William II
1888 William II becomes Kaiser and asks Bismark to resign.
Creates social welfare programs, cheap public services and public schools.
Continues to build military and navy to compete with GB for overseas empire.