The Great War Begins Chapter 11 Section 1

Videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-wSL4WqUws&list=PLhyKYa0YJ_5DfJnFBZwz8xd37MA6I16oJ

Triple Alliance Bismarck (Germany) knew France wanted revenge after losing Franco-Prussian War Knew they wouldn’t do so alone By 1882 he had signed treaties with Italy and Austria-Hungary to form the Triple Alliance (Later known as the Central Powers) Germany also drew close to Ottoman Empire

Triple Entente France formed an alliance in 1893 with Russia Then formed an entente with Britain in 1904 Triple Entente later known as the Allies Britain also drew close to Japan

Competition Britain felt threatened by Germany’s rapid growth Germany felt disrespected Germany felt threatened by possible growth of Russia (Stolypin)

Competition 1905 & 1911 Moroccan crises caused Britain and France to strengthen ties Britain and Germany began a naval arms race Germany began to build to protect its growing overseas empire Britain became suspicious Militarism Glorified the military Fed by nationalism

Nationalism Germans proud of their new empire’s military power and industrial leadership French remembered glory of Napoleon, bitter about Franco-Prussian War, especially loss of Alsace and Lorraine. Russia sponsored Pan-Slavism: idea that all Slavic peoples shared a common nationality As largest Slavic country, had duty to defend all Slavs (such as Serbia) Serbia could take territory away from both Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire

Balkans 1912 – Balkan Wars Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Montenegro unite against Ottomans to take over Balkans Begin fighting each other over the territory seized Tensions rise as Serbia gains power Austria-Hungary feels threatened Germany sees it as Russian power growing

Powder Keg Ignites Archduke Francis Ferdinand, nephew and heir of Austria-Hungary announces a visit to Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia Bosnia under Austria-Hungary control Bosnia home to many Slavs, especially Serbs

Powder Keg Ignites Visit to be on June 28 Date Serbia was conquered by Ottomans (1389) Date Serbia freed itself from Ottoman rule (1912) Also anniversary of Francis Ferdinand and Sophie

Powder Keg Ignites Unity or Death (Black Hand) terrorist group vows action Archduke ignores warnings and travels in open car Gavrilo Princip fires twice into the car killing the archduke and his wife

Powder Keg Ignites Francis Joseph (leader of Austria-Hungary) shocked but reluctant to go to war His government saw it as an excuse to finally crush Serbia Germany promised unconditional support

Austria Strikes Back Francis Joseph sends Serbia an ultimatum of 10 points, including End all anti-Austrian agitation Punish any Serbian official involved in plot Let Austria join investigation Serbia agrees to most, rejecting only 1 July 28, 1914, Austria declares war on Serbia

Alliances Kick In Serbia turned to Russia, champion of Slavic nations, for help Tsar Nicholas II asked German Kaiser William II (his cousin by marriage) to ask Austria to ease up. Didn’t happen Russia mobilizes along Austria-Hungary border So Germany declares war on Russia

Alliances Kick In Russia not prepared for war Appeals to ally France France gives Russia unconditional support Germany warns France to butt out France refuses Germany declares war on France Italy and Britain uncommitted

Schlieffen Plan Named for General Alfred von Schlieffen To avoid 2 front war (France on one side, Russia on the other) take out France as quickly as possible Thought Russia would be slow to mobilize After defeating France, turn army around to fight Russia

Schlieffen Plan Requires Germany to march through neutral Belgium to swing behind French lines, encircling them Germany invades Belgium August 3 Britain had signed treaty guaranteeing Belgium neutrality Britain declares war on Germany August 4

Maps: http://www.the-map-as-history.com/demos/tome06/ https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Balkans_Animation_1800-2008.gif

Assessment Pg 357 (3-6)