Revolution brings Reform & terror p. 222-227 Revolution brings Reform & terror

Objectives Explain how the National Assembly changed France’s Government Summarize the positions of the three factions that tried to govern France Explain how war and the King’s execution affected the Revolution Describe the events and the aftermath of the Reign of Terror

The Assembly Reforms France The Rights of Man Many nobles join National Assembly Motived by fear more than idealism The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen Reflects influence by U.S. Declaration of Independence Life Liberty Resistance to oppresion “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”

The Assembly Reforms France A State Controlled Church Louis tries to Escape Assembly takes over church Takes land – sells it Priests and officials must be elected Paid as state officials Devout Catholic peasants Didn’t want church part of state Many supporters had already fled Louis tries to escape to Austrian Netherlands Captured and taken back to Paris

Old problems still there Divisions Develop A Limited Monarchy Factions Split France Louis reluctantly signs new constitution Limited Constitutional Monarchy Legislative Assembly Create law Wage war King still the executive Old problems still there Food shortages Government debt

Divisions Develop Radicals Moderates Conservatives Factions Split France Radicals Left Opposed the idea of Monarchy Sweeping changes Moderates Center Wanted some changes Not as many as radicals Conservatives Right Upheld limited Monarchy Wanted few changes

War and Execution Feared that revolution might spread Foreign monarchs watch with concern France at War Feared that revolution might spread Prussia and Austria urged France to restore Louis XVI Legislative Assembly declares war Starts badly Prussians about to invade Paris Threaten to destroy Paris if royal family is harmed 20,000 mob, massacre royal guards Imprison the royal family

War and Execution Rumors that king is going to escape France at War (cont.) Rumors that king is going to escape Citizens take law into own hands Murder 1,000 prisoners Nobles, priest and royal sympathizers killed Legislative Assembly declares king deposed Dissolve Assembly Call for election of new legislature Women not allowed to vote

War and Execution Jacobin Club Jacobins lead the charge Jacobins Take Control The War Continues Jacobin Club Radical political organization Jacobins lead the charge Try Louis for treason Found guilty by close vote Beheaded by guillotine French are doing surprisingly well Brittan, Holland, and Spain join opposition French take extreme measure Draft 300,000 citizens into the army Army now 800,000 strong Including women

The Terror Grips France Robespierre Assumes Control Maximillien Robespierre To deal with domestic unrest, slowly gains power Governs France as a dictator Becomes known as “Reign of Terror” Enemies tried in the morning Guillotined in evening Most were other radical that challenged his leadership

The Terror Grips France Robespierre Assumes Control (cont.) End of the Terror ~40,000 people were executed during the “Reign of Terror” ~85% were Peasants members of urban poor Middle class In July of 1794 National Convention turns on Robespierre Receives the guillotine Moderates establish 3rd plan of government 2 legislative bodies 5 man executive body Find the right general for France’s army Napoleon Bonaparte