Early Chinese civilizations SSWH2.C,D

Activator [DO NOT WRITE] In 1976, archaeologists discovered the tomb of Lady Hao. She was a queen and military leader of the Shang Dynasty. She died around 1200BCE. What can you infer (hypothesize) about the Shang Dynasty from the artifacts found in the tomb?

Activator Basin from Lady Hao’s Tomb

Activator Jade Tiger from Lady Hao’s Tomb

Activator Remains from Lady Hao’s Tomb

I. Geography

II. Shang dynasty 1700 BCE – 1027 BCE Class-based society Large, walled cities with nobles living inside the walls and peasants living outside. Written language Shang Dynasty was the first in China to develop writing Each word = different character Only the wealthiest would have been literate

III. Zhou Dynasty Replaced the Shang Dynasty in 1027 BCE. The Zhou adopted most of Shang culture, so daily life in China didn’t change with the Dynasties.

III. A. Mandate of heaven Used by the Zhou as a reason for overthrowing the Shang Dynasty The Shang had been bad leaders So, god took away their right to lead God gave that right to Zhou A just leader had god’s approval – known as the “Mandate of Heaven”

III. B. Dynastic Cycle Strong dynasty provides peace and wealth, so it claims to have the “Mandate of Heaven” Wealth declines, leaders become corrupt then lose trust and power Natural disasters occur (floods, famines, revolts) People think the Dynasty has lost the “Mandate of Heaven” New Dynasty leads rebellion and gains control

III. C. Feudalism Kings had all the power and owned all the land They gave use of the land to noble families Peasants worked for the nobles Everyone depended on the king for land and protection

IV. The “warring states period”

IV. A. Decline of the zhou dynasty Towards the end of the Zhou Dynasty, territorial leaders began to see themselves as kings. They constantly fought with each other for power This conflict weakened China

IV. B. Confucianism attempts to restore order in china Who was Confucius? A scholar who started a new ethical system (a belief of right and wrong) The main idea of Confucianism: Achieve stability through moral honor and well-ordered relationships

IV. B. Confucianism attempts to restore order in china Five relationships that organized society: 1. Ruler and subject 2. Father and son 3. Husband and wife 4. Older brother and younger brother 5. friend and friend Filial Piety: Respect given to parents and ancestors given by devoting one’s life to their parents and performing memorial rituals after their death Bureaucracy: A trained civil service / education for government leaders. Education = better men.

Filial piety

IV. C. Legalism opposes the ideas of confucius [DO NOT WRITE] A well-ordered society is achieved by good relationships and families Education and ideas are good for society [WRITE] A well-ordered society is achieved by a powerful and efficient government Punishments are good for order Ideas should be controlled by the government Confucianism Legalism

V. Qin Dynasty

V. Qin Dynasty A. Legalism Establishes a Dynasty: In 200 BC, Shi Huangdi used the ideas of Legalism to defeat many of the warring states and unify China under the Qin Dynasty Burned books and had hundreds of Confucian scholars murdered

V. Qin Dynasty B. Shi Huangdi Builds the Great Wall of China Peasant and slave labor was ordered to build a massive defensive wall along the Qin’s northern boarder

Great wall of china

Great wall of china

Great wall of china

Shi Huangdi’s Clay army

Shi Huangdi’s Clay army