THE GREAT ENEMIES OF ROME THE PUNIC WARS THE GREAT ENEMIES OF ROME

THE PUNIC WARS (264 – 146 BC) FIRST PUNIC WAR Rome has now become the dominant power in Italy Carthage is the most powerful city state in the Mediterranean EAST Greece Macedonia Egypt Persia WEST Rome Carthage

FIRST PUNIC WAR (264 – 241 BC) 265 – Carthage the wealthiest most technologically advanced city state going. Relations with Rome had historically been friendly MESSINIANS vs. SICILIANS in Sicily Rome supports Messina Carthage supports Sicily Rome intervenes… SOUND FAMILIAR? WHERE DID THIS HAPPEN BEFORE?

FIRST PUNIC WAR (264 – 241BC) ROME vs. CARTHAGE ROUND 1 PRIZE: Control of Sicily $$ ROME can’t compete with the superior naval fleet of Carthage Spend 20 years building up its fleet to be able to take on Carthage ROME wins a series of Battles and then attempts to invade Carthage and are whooped badly 241BC – Rome wins a decisive battle breaking the fleet of Carthage SICILY BECOMES THE FIRST OVERSEAS PROVINCE OF ROME

THE SECOND PUNIC WAR (218-201BC) In between the 2 wars Rome began expanding into Africa taking control of many city states Carthage was able to move into Spain and start a new base of power there. HAMILCAR BARCA – Great Carthaginian general makes his young son swear a blood-oath against Rome That young son was HANNIBAL BARCA – ‘THE ANNIHLATOR’ 218 BC – He took his forces from Spain across the Alps to invade Rome.

GREAT ENEMIES OF ROME: #1 Hannibal “THE GREAT” HANNIBAL BARCA: 90 000 Infantry 12 000 Cavalry 40 War Elephants

2nd PUNIC WAR – BATTLE OF ZAMA HANNIBAL BARCA 45 000 Infantry 4000 Cavalry 80 War Elephants SCIPIO AFRICANUS 34 000 Infantry 9000 Cavalry VS.

BATTLE OF ZAMA Hannibal’s Elephants charge the Romans Scipio has his troops blow loud horns to scare the Elephants, they turn and charge the Carthaginian left flank

BATTLE OF ZAMA The remaining elephants are let through the ‘lanes’ created by the Romans and killed On the wings the Roman Cavalry gets the best of the Carthaginian Cavalry

BATTLE OF ZAMA The infantry engages and Hannibal's first two lines are broken.

BATTLE OF ZAMA Rearrange into a line and fight it out The cavalry attacks Hannibal from behind HANNIBAL is DEFEATED

LEGACY OF HANNIBAL The Romans demand his surrender but he exiles himself and goes to Greece & Asia Minor – eventually commits suicide with a note saying at least he deprived the Romans of the opportunity do it. TAUGHT THE ROMANS FEAR “BOOGEY MAN”

THIRD PUNIC WAR (149-146BC) CARTHAGE was weakened severely after the second war, but even in their weakened state the Senate was convinced that they would be a threat to ROME ROME invades Carthage. Carthage withstands the siege for 2 years Eventually Scipio the Younger breaks through the walls and there is 7 days of blood shed until Carthage surrenders The 700 year old city is burned and destroyed, 50 000 citizens are sold into slavery

FURTHER EXPANSION THE PUNIC WARS 1 – Wins Rome Sicily 2 – Destroys Carthaginian army def. Hannibal 3 – Wins Rome North Africa & Spain 146 BC ROME def. King Phillip V of Macedon in Macedonian Wars At the conclusion of the Punic Wars Rome pretty much controls the whole Mediterranean