Six Months that Changed the World The Treaty of Versailles Paris 1919 Six Months that Changed the World The Treaty of Versailles http://formaementis.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/1919-treaty-of-versailles.jpg

The end of the Great War armistice signed November 11, 1918 single largest peace negotiations Congress of Vienna only model main powers to lead the conference decisions on treatments of defeated powers to be determined Germany had no say

Different Allied Objectives

David Lloyd George Prime Minister of Britain sought to expand UK’s colonial territory preserve naval and industrial supremacy - Pax Brittannia make Germany pay costs of the war http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/David_Lloyd_George.jpg

Georges Clemenceau Premier of France sought to ensure France's security against future German invasion wished to see harsh military limitations stiff financial payments and penalties territorial losses (fought with UK over German colonies) France suffered worst damage in the war Georges Clemenceau http://www.dreyfus.culture.fr/upload/m_file/256_1133_image_ap_clemenceau_na238-18820-2.jpg

Vittorio Orlando premier of Italy http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWorlando.JPG premier of Italy sought to enlarge Italy's territory in Europe long time enemies with Austria-Hungary secret Treaty of London in 1915 had promised land to Italy in exchange for changing sides angered by Allied refusal to honor Treaty commitments

Woodrow Wilson US President sought a “just” peace based Treaty planning on “Fourteen Points” did not agree to abide by terms of previous deals was ‘hands-on;’ first US president to go to Europe while in office was most interested in League of Nations http://dancutlermedicalart.com/AlbertEinstein'sZionism/images/250%20pixels/1900-1919/1919%20Woodrow%20Wilson.jpg

Wilson’s Vision self-determination the key to lasting peace in Europe redefined the war as a war for democracy League of Nations was to be first major objective of negotiations was generally distrustful of Europeans but sympathetic to Armenians

http://upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/28/Versailles_1919 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/28/Versailles_1919.jpg/470px-Versailles_1919.jpg Treaty Provisions

1. Territorial return of Alsace-Lorraine to France cession of territory to Belgium, Lithuania, and the Hultschin district to Czechoslovakia parts of East Prussia and Upper Silesia to Poland Danzig to become a free city occupation and special status for the Saar under French control (plebiscite to be held after 15 years) surrender of all German colonies as League of Nations mandates

Polish corridor New states

2. Military German army limited to 100,000 No conscription tanks, heavy artillery, poison gas, aircraft prohibited 6 naval ships under 100,000 tons de-militarized Rhineland

3. Political & Financial Anschluss with Austria forboten provision for the trial of the former Kaiser and other war leaders coal from Saar Valley to be ceded to France as special payment Upper Silesia lost industrial output

Article 231 • The Allied and Associated Governments affirm and Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies. • reparations of £6,600 million

Casualties in WWI Britain : 750,000 soldiers killed; 1,500,000 wounded France : 1,400,000 soldiers killed; 2,500,000 wounded Belgium : 13,716 soldiers killed; 50,000 soldiers wounded Italy : 600,000 soldiers killed; 947,000 soldiers wounded Russia : 1,700,000 soldiers killed; 4,950,000 soldiers wounded America : 116,000 soldiers killed; 204,002 soldiers wounded Canada: 69,000 soldiers killed, 172,950 soldiers wounded Germany : 2,000,000 soldiers killed; 4,216,058 soldiers wounded Austria-Hungary : 1,200,000 soldiers killed; 3,620,000 wounded Turkey : 325,000 soldiers killed; 400,000 soldiers wounded Bulgaria : 100,000 soldiers killed; 152, 390 soldiers wounded The total deaths of all nations who fought in the war is thought to have been 8.5 million with 21 million being wounded.  *Russian numbers are estimates **All figures from Encyclopædia Britannica