Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in England Learning Target #9: I can evaluate the various reasons for the start of the Industrial Revolution in England and its social and economic effects on the globe. CASS 10.3

Why was England the first to Industrialize? Banking Stable Government Agricultural Revolution Geography B.S.A.R.G.

Banking England had access to capital from a business that class that had grown wealthy through business, especially the Atlantic slave trade. Emergence of stock markets and laissez-faire capitalism allowed businesses to make more money. Businesses could invest in factories, new inventions, ideas, etc.

Stable Government During the early 1700s (18th century), England was not in any major conflicts. Due to England being somewhat “neutral” during this time period, their trade was not interrupted. This allowed England to accumulate a large amount of goods and resources in order to industrialize.

Agricultural Revolution 1700s, English farmers began experimenting with “crop rotation”. Now, farmers could grow different crops year round. Jethro Tull invented a mechanical seed drill Made the planting of seeds much quicker and more efficient. Farmers began to share new techniques through “farm journals”. Since farming took less time, England had a large labor pool that was no longer needed for agricultural production. These people could work in factories.

Geography England’s location on the Atlantic ocean gave it access to raw materials from around the globe and access to markets for its manufactured goods. England also had a wealth of its own resources, including coal and iron ore. England had many navigable rivers that allowed factories to be built throughout the country.

Effects of Industrialization Factory system created Factories employed large numbers of workers and power-driven machines to mass-produce goods. Decline of slavery Slaves could not buy industrial products the same way free wage laborers could. Men were considered more important to society because of their ability to perform industrial work. Eventually, women and children were used as “cheap” labor in factories. Transportation and Communication Steam engine led to steamships and steam-powered locomotives which sped up transportation. Canals enable heavy loads to be transported long distances Telegraph enabled easier, more efficient communication

Effects of Industrialization Global Division of Labor European countries became wealthy by manufacturing goods using resources that were taken from Non-European countries (in Africa, Asia, and the Americas). Non-European countries did not industrialize. Wealth became concentrated in Europe, while Non-European countries fell into poverty.

Before Industrialization Life before the spread of industrialization: Agricultural/ Rural Economy Family-farm economy Asian-Based manufacturing Rural-Based population

After Industrialization Life after the spread of industrialization: Capitalist/Urban Economy Wage-Earning Economy Factory-Based Manufacturing Urban Population