Chemistry Matter and Change Introduction to Chemistry Chapter 1 Outline Chemistry Matter and Change Introduction to Chemistry

I. Branches of Chemistry Chemistry -the study of matter and the changes it undergoes (particularly interested in energy changes) Organic Chemistry - the study of carbon containing compounds (once thought to be just the study of compounds having a living source) - now contains synthetic compounds like plastics

Inorganic Chemistry- may contain some short carbon chained molecules but basically does not contain carbon Physical chemistry- covers the topics of thermodynamics and kinetics as well as other topics

II. Properties of Matter Mass - has the property of inertia a) Inertia - the resistance to change of motion b) Weight - is the measurement of force of gravity between two objects Density - another property of matter how much matter is in a specific volume Analytical Chemistry - deals with the components and composition of substances Biochemistry - matter and processes of living organisms (proteins, fats, lipids, enzymes…) D = mass/volume

Energy - property of all matter that under the right conditions can do work a) potential - energy of position b) kinetic - energy of motion question - evaluate the picture to the right in terms of kinetic and potential energies

III. Scientific Method Science - is the search for knowledge a) pure science - gain knowledge for the sake of knowledge itself b) applied science - knowledge to solve a specific problem

A systematic approach Observe - environment around you and ask a question Collect data - may take notes then form a Hypothesis - an initial educated guess why phenomena occurs Experiment - to prove of disprove hypothesis

Analyze - evaluate the data collected Theorize - after many experiments conclude that a cause an effect are likely - may be modified by new data Scientific law - after years of experiments no know exceptions to the theory occur

IV. Designing a Good Experiment An experiment is a carefully controlled procedure that tests a hypothesis/ A good experiment has a) an independent variable - one thing that is changed ..and is studied for its effect on b) the dependent variable - the factor that results of the independent variable -- is measured in the experiment

c) a control - a standard of comparison for all the experimental entries d) constants - factors that are kept the same through the experiment ( everything that is possible to keep constant except for the independent variable should be kept the same)

Constructive Response Three friends argue over which brand of microwave popcorn is best. Billy says that Big Pop is the tastier, Joe claims that Jiffy Pop is the best, while Sue insists that Red Devil is great! Design an experiment that will settle the dispute. Be sure to include a description of the experiment using the terms control, constant, independent and dependent variable.