IF WWI was the “war to end all wars,” what was WWII IF WWI was the “war to end all wars,” what was WWII? ~60 million people were killed in WWII which was over 3% of the 1939 world population (est. 2 billion). The tables below 16 million killed WWI 37 million casaulties

What caused WWI? What caused WWII?

Who were these men? What do they have in common? Joseph Stalin Hideki Tojo Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Francisco Franco

Totalitarian Regimes Come to Power The government has control over everything. No differing/outside opinions are permitted. Leader is a DICTATOR Only ONE political party is allowed There are strict gov’t controls ONLY STATE PRESS The people have few freedoms What are the different types of totalitarian regimes? Communism Fascism: Militarism, Nazism Totalitarian Regimes Come in All Shapes and Sizes

Joseph Stalin Under Lenin's banner, forward to victory! Leon trotstky – gave wrong date funeral taken out of pictures Propaganda – absolute control – got rid of enemies great purge 37=38 1,000 per day shot heat – 20 million labor camps ½ died Under Lenin's banner, forward to victory!

Benito Mussolini We dream of a Roman Italy Discontent following WWI – king/catholic church – make italy great again We dream of a Roman Italy

Hideki Tojo Militarism – build up military – become self-sufficient "With the help of Japan, China, and Manchukuo, the world can be in peace.

Adolph Hitler “Hitler is building. Help him. Buy German goods.” Weimar republic awful 23 tried overthrow munich punsch – mein kamp 29 – 14 – 107 seats reichstag 33’ chancellor – fire – enabling act – 34’ hindenburg dies GOALS – liebenraum (living space german people); unification of all German people; pure race (herrenvolk); increase population pure Germans “Hitler is building. Help him. Buy German goods.”

Overall Comprehension Questions What were the similarities among how the totalitarian leaders got into power? What were the similarities in how they stayed in power? What were the similarities in their goals? Is it surprising that Japan, Italy, and Germany became partners in World War II? It is surprising that at one point Germany and the USSR were allies?

How do Communists and Fascists Compare? What separates them: Economics (gov’t controlled versus private) Ideology (class versus nation/race) They hate each other! Fascism rises because of the fear of communism in some areas.

Why do Totalitarian Governments Rise in the 20s and 30s? Not much of a history of self-government in Europe authoritarian regimes common throughout European history; militarism common Japan In times of anger, fear & crisis people look to strong leadership for protection Europe and Asia are definitely in crisis during the 1920s & 1930s! WHY?

Opposing parties, people, ideas Anger Treaty of Versailles Unites the people Crisis Great Depression Fix the problems Fear Opposing parties, people, ideas Protect the people

Hitler’s Supporters Upper Class feared communism Middle Class strengthen law and order Lower Class wanted jobs Churches feared communism and atheism Youth wanted to be part of the “in” crowd *The propaganda* and the fear of NOT being part of the party