1. World of Dictators

2. Nationalism is on the rise
Nationalism: national interests and national unity is most important
After WWI, the treaty of Versailles failed to sustain peace and instead threw much of Europe into chaos
Great Depression hit the entire world, not just US
This allowed powerful leaders to take power

3. Totalitarian
Totalitarian Government- government which maintains complete control over its citizens, generally stripping them of their rights and suppressing all opposition.

4. Russia Following WWI, Russia went through civil war.
Communism took hold under Vladimir Lenin.
Once Lenin died in 1924, Joseph Stalin took control.
Lenin
Stalin

5. New Soviet Union Soviet Union= Communist Russia
Joseph Stalin has his form of New Deal = (3) 5 year plans= these focused on building up industry under complete government control.
To do all this, he “purged” all his enemies (or those he didn’t like)= 8 – 13 MILLION dead.

6. Italy
Had fought in WWI and veterans returned at odds with the political leaders.
Benito Mussolini, a former socialist took power promising to stop political leaders who were destroying Italy.

7. Italy Mussolini instituted a Fascist regime
Fascism: political movement that consists of strong, centralized government headed by a powerful dictator.
il Duce as Mussolini called himself became the totalitarian ruler of Italy controlling every aspect of life.

8. Germany
Germany was suffering from ill affects of the Treaty of Versaillies.
Poor economy and poor conditions led the German people to seek out new leadership
A former soldier and leader or fuhrer of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party or Nazi Party, Adolf Hitler appealed to many Germans

9. Germany
Hilter espoused his belief in Nazism or political philosophy based on extreme nationalism, racism, and militaristic expansionism. Hitler wanted an Empire for Germanic people.

10. Japan
Japanese military leaders believed that Japan had out grown their borders.
Militarist leaders or those who believed in expanding the military in order to expand their territory took control as they successfully invaded Manchuria area of China.

11. The Axis
Together these four leaders formed the Axis powers all with Adolf Hitler’s newly powerful Germany. The primary powers of the Axis was Germany and Italy while the Soviet Union and Japan joined later.