Waste Management in Sweden Gunnel Klingberg legal adviser RVF - Swedish Association of Waste Management Prostgatan 2 S - 211 25 Malmö, Sweden www.rvf.se phone: +46 40 35 66 00 fax: +46 40 35 66 26 2018-11-28

Swedish Waste legislation: Environmental Act from 1999 Implements European environmental legislation but also a result of 30 years of progressive environmental policy Regulations by the government Site specific permits Waste management including hazardous waste Landfill ban on sorted combustible waste (2002) and organic waste (2005) Waste incineration Producers’ responsibility: packaging waste, scrap paper, electrical and electronic waste, cars, tyres. Joint responsibility with the municipalities regarding batteries. Ordinances from state authorities Same waste definition as in Waste framework directive (75/442/EEC) 2018-11-28

Legal responsibilities Municipalities – municipal solid waste (household waste and similar) – industrial hazardous waste (voluntary) Producers – packaging, waste paper, tyres, cars – electric- electronic waste Business – all other waste Waste holder has legal responsibility to insure the waste treats in a health- and environmentally acceptable way. 2018-11-28

Municipal responsibility Collect and transport away household waste from the municipality to recovery or disposal. Household waste excluding waste under producers’ responsibility (primarily packaging waste) but includes batteries, freezer and fridge Planning, budget, execution (voluntary) Public procurement Municipal fees cover cost of waste management, to be paid by property owner to municipality 2018-11-28

Household waste Environmental code ch. 15 2 §: Household waste shall mean waste from households and similar waste from other activities Includes all wastes from all households (bin/sack-waste, food waste. latrine, sludge, furniture, bikes, garden waste, electrical waste, medicine, hazardous waste… Similar waste from industries, shops and other activities where the waste is similar as from households, I.e. cantinas, restaurants, toilets Excludes waste from building and demolition (renovation?), cars, ammunition, large batteries… Also excluding food processing industry, storage… 2018-11-28

Swedish waste 4 211 290 ton household waste 2003) 470 kg/inhabitant Increased 2001-2002 6,2 % and 2002-2003 1 % 2018-11-28

Waste treatment Household waste: Total 4,2 Mton/a Material Recycling 31 % Biological Treatment 10 % Incineration with Energy recovery 45 % Landfill 13 % Hazardous waste 1 % Landfilling (non-internal industrial plants) Total 4.6 Mton/a Combustible 1.8-2.0 Mton/a Organic 0.5-0.8 Mton/a (non combustible) 2018-11-28

Present situation - executors municipal/private Municipal solid waste, similar • Collection: 40/60% • Recovery and Disposal: 95/5% Producers responsibility • Collection, households: 30/70% • Collection. businesses: 5/95% • Recycling/recovery 5/95% Business waste • Collection 5/95% • Recycling 2/98% • Recovery/disposal 20/80% 2018-11-28

Environmental objectives - waste policy Minimise generation of waste and reduce the hazardousness of waste The quantity of landfill waste, excluding mining waste, will be reduced by at least 50 % by 2005 compared with 1994. At the same time as the total quantity of waste generated does not increase. All landfill sites will conform to uniform standards by 2008 and will meet stringent environmental requirements in accordance with Council directive on the landfill of waste. At least 35 % of food waste from households, restaurants, institutional kitchens and shops will by 2010 be recovered through biological treatment. Includes source separated waste to home composting as well as central treatment plants. 2018-11-28

Active tools Landfill tax € 40/ton Landfilling reduced by 45 % since 1994 Landfill ban on sorted combustible waste 2002 Landfill ban on organic waste 2005 Exemptions granted for large quantities of waste due to lack of treatment capacity Extended producers’ responsibility increasing material recycling Information Legislation 2018-11-28

Expectations for 2006-2008 Increase in material recycling Increase (+ 80 %) of biological treatment (composting and digestion) Increased (+ 50 %) incineration Extreme drop of landfill Increased source separation, all waste types 2018-11-28