CELLS Structure & Function Review

What is the function of the cell membrane? Controls what enters or leaves cell; What led to the discovery of cells? Microscope

Bacteria are ______________ prokaryotes eukaryotes This storage space is a ___________. vacuole http://library.thinkquest.org/3564/Cells/cell93.gif

Small structure in a cell that performs a specific function Tell the 3 parts of the cell theory. *All living things are made of cells. *Cells are the basic units of structure & function in an organism * Cells are produced from existing cells. Small structure in a cell that performs a specific function organelle

Name the Cell PEOPLE Robert Hooke German zoologist who concluded all animals are made of cells _______________________ English scientist who 1st saw “little boxes” in cork and called them cells ___________________ Theodor Schwann Robert Hooke

Tell which part does it? Cell membrane Centrioles Lysosomes Mitochondria Burns glucose ____________________ Controls what enters or leaves the cell ___________________ Aids in cell division __________________ Digests unwanted substances or cell parts _______________ Makes proteins ______________________ Contains DNA ___________________ Cell membrane Centrioles Lysosomes Ribosomes Nucleus

Name the Cell PEOPLE Decreases Rudolph Virchow German physician who saw dividing cells and reasoned that cells come from existing cells. ___________________ As cell size increases, surface area to volume ratio..? Rudolph Virchow Decreases

Name the Cell PEOPLE Matthias Schleiden Dutch microscope maker who was the first to observe LIVING cells ____________________________ Botanist who concluded that ALL PLANTS are made of cells ______________________________ Anton van Leeuwenhoek Matthias Schleiden

An animal cell is a ____________. prokaryote eukaryote This organelle is the ____________ Rough ER http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_er.html

Name the organelle which is called the “power plant” of the cell Name an organelle that assists with movement Cilia OR flagella OR CYTOSKELETON Name the organelle which is called the “power plant” of the cell because it provides energy mitochondrion

Name the molecule that provides the energy for cell activities Cells that are more efficient tend to be what size? small

Name the organelle that acts as the cell’s control center. Cells that have a cell membrane but NOT a nuclear membrane are ________________ prokaryotes Name the organelle that acts as the cell’s control center. nucleus

Name the dark spot in the nucleus of a cell where ribosomes are made. nucleolus Membranes that allow certain molecules to pass through and not others are said to be ___________________ permeable. Selectively OR semi-

ribosomes Proteins are made on the __________ in a cell. Microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate fibers make up the cytoskeleton and are made of what? Protein fibers

Tell which part does it? Mitochondria Rough ER Makes lipids for membranes ____________________ Stores energy as ATP ___________________ Modifies & transports proteins made on its ribosomes ____________________ Supports and protects plant cells ___________________ smooth ER Mitochondria Rough ER Cell wall

A group of cells that work together to carry out a specific function are called a _______________ tissue The size a cell can grow is limited by its? Surface area to volume ratio

What’s the function? Make proteins support; protection Mitochondria ____________________ Ribosomes ___________________ Cell wall __________________ Golgi bodies ____________________ Centrioles ________________ Smooth ER ___________________ burn glucose; make ATP Make proteins support; protection Package molecules for storage or export Pull genetic material apart during cell division Make lipids

Cell organelle where cellular respiration occurs. mitochondria This structure is a __________ flagellum

Cytoskeleton or centrioles Name an organelle that is made of microtubules Cytoskeleton or centrioles Attached or bound ribosomes are located on what organelle? Membrane of Rough ER

Tell which part does it? nuclear envelope Cilia or flagella move proteins and other substances through the cell ____________________ Controls what enters or leaves the nucleus _________________ Help cell move through environments __________________ Modify, sort, & package substances for transport _________________ Makes ribosomes ______________________ Control center of cell ___________________ Endoplasmic reticulum nuclear envelope Cilia or flagella Golgi bodies nucleolus Nucleus

Name an organelle besides the nucleus that has DNA Mitochondria OR chloroplasts Tell one difference between cilia and flagella. Cilia- many, shorter Flagella-one or two, longer

Short, thick outgrowths that allow prokaryotes to attach to surfaces are called? Pili What do mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common? Aid in energy production, ATP

Tell one way plant cells and bacterial cells are alike? Both: have a cell wall have a cell membrane have DNA have a cytoskeleton have ribosomes

Tell one way plant cells are different from bacteria cells? PLANTS Bacteria Eukaryotes prokaryotes Have chloroplasts No chloroplasts Cellulose peptidoglycan in cell wall in cell wall Big vacuole no vacuole nucleus no nucleus Membrane bound organelles No membrane bound organelles

Microscopes State an advantage of the electron Microscope. magnify images 1000 times more than a light microscope What’s disadvantage of an Electron Microscope? Only views dead organisms What type of microscope do we use in class? Light Microscope State an advantage of a light microscope. Can view living or dead organisms

http://users. rcn. com/jkimball. ma http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/AnimalCells.html Name this part. GOLGI BODY which organelle probably evolved from aerobic bacteria that were incorporated into early prokaryotic cells? mitochondria

Name an organelle besides the nucleus that has a double membrane Mitochondria OR chloroplasts Where do the instructions for making proteins come from? Nucleus

Tell which part does it? cytoskeleton flagella Central vacuole Contains genetic info __________________ Give cell shape/support ____________ Few, long structures for locomotion __________________ Large storage space for water ___________________ nucleus cytoskeleton flagella Central vacuole

Membrane bound sac that contains digestive enzymes. Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached is called _________ ER. rough Membrane bound sac that contains digestive enzymes. lysosome

Put in order of increasing size: Organ cell organ system organism tissue _______ _________  _________ _____________  ______________ organ cell tissue organ system organism

smooth _________ ER does NOT have ribosomes attached The _______________ is made of microfilaments and microtubules and helps the cell to maintain its shape. cytoskeleton

What is the function of the Rough ER? Modify and transport molecules made by its ribosomes This organelle is a _____________ Golgi Body http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.htm

Tell one way animal cells and bacterial cells are alike? Both: have a cell membrane have DNA have a cytoskeleton have ribosomes

Tell one way animal cells are different from bacteria cells? Animal Bacteria Eukaryotes prokaryotes No cell wall cell wall vacuole no vacuole nucleus no nucleus Membrane bound organelles No membrane bound organelles Centrioles no centrioles

Pancake-like stack of membranes that modify, sort, &package substances for transport. Golgi body Which is older. Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes? Prokaryotes

Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes attached is called Cells that need a lot of energy probably have a lot of ______________ Golgi bodies Smooth ER mitochondria centrioles mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes attached is called _____________________ Smooth ER

A plant cell is a ______________. prokaryote eukaryote This organelle contains the molecules for photosynthesis. chloroplast

Cells that have a nuclear membrane are called ________________ The many short structures on the top of this cell are __________ cilia Cells that have a nuclear membrane are called ________________ eukaryotes

A B C D E A = ________________ B = ________________ Cell membrane Rough ER nucleus Golgi Body Mitochondrion

Tell one way plant cells are different from animal cells? PLANTS ANIMALS Have cell wall NO cell wall Have chloroplasts No chloroplasts no centrioles have centrioles Big vacuole small vacuole

What’s the function? Contain DNA; control center support; give shape modify/transport proteins rough ER ____________________ nucleus ___________________ cytoskeleton __________________ cell membrane ____________________ chloroplast ________________ vacuole ___________________ nucleolus ________________________ Contain DNA; control center support; give shape Control what enters/leaves cell photosynthesis Stores water, food, molecules, waste Make ribosomes

Tell one way plant cells and animal cells are alike? Both: are eukaryotes have a nuclear membrane have membrane bound organelles have a cell membrane have DNA in multiple chromosomes

FALSE; All cells have a cell membrane on the outside True or False Bacteria don’t have a CELL membrane. FALSE; All cells have a cell membrane on the outside Name one of the functions of Smooth ER Make lipids for membranes, regulate calcium levels, Break down toxic substances

Name this structure found in cell Phospholipids or Cell membrane http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/cells.htm Phospholipids or Cell membrane Name this cell part centriole http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/4a.asp

Plant cells don’t have centrioles True or False Bacteria don’t have ribosomes. False; Yes, they do Ribosomes aren’t made of membranes True or False Plant cells don’t have centrioles True; at least we can’t see them