1. Review Cell History

2. 5 Scientists Robert Hooke Anton van Leeuwenhoek Matthias Schleiden
Theodor Schwann
Rudolf Virchow

3. Cells come in all different shapes, sizes, and types
Cells come in all different shapes, sizes, and types. But they all have the parts necessary for basic life functions.

4. Two Types of Cells
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic

5. Prokaryotic
Small and simple, no nucleus

6. Eukaryotic
Larger, has nucleus and organelles

7. Cells are made of 3 main Parts:
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

8. Cell membrane
protects the cell from damage. Controls what goes in and out of the cell
Has small openings like doorways that let food in and wastes out

9. Cytoplasm
jelly like substance that all the cell parts float around in

10. Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm also gives the cell structure. Think of a balloon. An empty balloon does not have much structure. However, if we fill it with something, like water, it begins to take shape.

11. Cytoskeleton
Invisible tubes and threads that organelles are attached to
Acts like a track system that keeps organelles from crashing into each other

12. Nucleus
control center for the cell, “the brain.” Controls the cell’s activities.

13. Nucleolus
Small dense region in the nucleus where ribosomes are made

14. Nuclear Envelope
Double membrane surrounding the nucleus, contains many pores

15. Organelles
Little organs found within the cell

16. Cell Parts
Mitochondria - makes energy for the cell from food.

17. Mitochondria
Power plant

18. Cell Parts
Ribosome - makes proteins used by the cell to build new cell parts.
Proteins
Can be attached or float around freely
Like little protein factories

19. Cell Parts
Endoplasmic Reticulum – folded membranes that transport materials to different parts of the cell
extend from the nucleus to the cell membrane

20. Smooth – no ribosomes attached
Rough – ribosomes are attached

21. Cell Parts
Golgi Body- sorts proteins and other cell materials and packages it into membrane bound vesicles (bubbles)

22. Cell Parts
Lysosomes - contain digestive enzymes that break down food, cell wastes, and worn out cell parts.

23. Cell Parts Vacuole - big storage tank in the cell for water or food.
Plant cells have really big vacuoles

24. Vacuoles
Animal cells have vacuoles but they are much smaller.

25. Cell Parts
Chloroplast – makes energy for the cell from sunlight.

26. Cell Parts
Cell Wall – thick covering for plant cells that gives the cell more support and shape.
Animal cells don’t have cell walls because we have skeletons

27. Specialized Structures
Cilia and flagella are often found on cells that provide movement

28. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Comparing Cells
Structure
Prokaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
Animal
Plant
Cell Membrane
Yes
Yes
Yes
Cell Wall
Yes No
Yes
Nucleus No
Yes
Yes
Ribosomes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Endoplasmic Reticulum No
Yes
Yes
Golgi Body No
Yes
Yes
Lysosomes No
Yes
Yes
Vacuoles No
Yes
Yes
Mitochondria No
Yes
Yes
Chloroplasts No No
Yes
Cytoskeleton No
Yes
Yes