Human Reproduction Puberty Reproductive organs Menstruation 27/11/2018

Growing Up Humans are only able to reproduce after their bodies go through changes and they reach SEXUAL MATURITY. We call the onset of sexual maturity PUBERTY. Working in pairs, write down the changes boys and girls go through during puberty. 27/11/2018

Changes for Boys Voice deepens Grow hair on face and chest Grow pubic hair Sexual organs get bigger Start producing sperm Shoulders broaden Hormones produced 27/11/2018

Changes for Girls Breasts grow bigger Egg released once per month by ovaries Grow pubic hair Sexual organs get bigger Menstruation begins Hormones produced 27/11/2018

Growing-Up A number of changes happen when children grow up and go through puberty: Girls Boys 27/11/2018

pubic hormones reproduce menstruation puberty Exercise 1: Puberty Before humans can ________ they must reach sexual maturity. The process where a human’s body changes so it is able to reproduce sexually is called ________. Both boys and girls grow _____ hair during puberty. Their sexual organs get bigger and ________ begin to be produced. Boys begin to produce sperm and girls begin ___________. reproduce puberty pubic hormones menstruation pubic hormones reproduce menstruation puberty 27/11/2018

Exercise 2: Puberty 1. What is puberty? 2. Who reaches puberty first, boys or girls? 3. Give two changes only boys go through during puberty. 4. Give two changes only girls go through during puberty. 5. Give two changes boys and girls go through during puberty. When humans go through changes to reach sexual maturity. Girls. Grow facial hair, shoulders broaden, begin producing sperm. Breasts get larger, menstruation begins, eggs released from ovaries once per month. Grow pubic hair, hormones produced, sexual organs get bigger. 27/11/2018

Eggs and Sperm (Sex Cells) 27/11/2018 The female egg cell and the male sperm cell are examples of ____________ cells: Sperm Cell Nucleus The egg cell is basically an enlarged cell with massive _____ reserves Strong tail for ________ Words – food, swimming, specialised,

Female Reproductive System Uterus (womb) Fallopian Tube Lining of womb Ovary Cervix Upon sexual maturity one egg is released from the ovaries every month. Vagina 27/11/2018

Female Reproductive System 27/11/2018 Ovaries: Releases eggs (up until menopause) Fallopian Tube: Carries the egg from the ovary to the womb Uterus/ Womb: Area where the baby develops Cervix: Opening of womb Vagina: tube into where sperm is released Lining of womb: lining that builds up in the womb preparation an embryo attaching to it to develop into a baby

Female Reproductive System 27/11/2018 Ovary Fallopian tube Womb (uterus) Cervix Vagina Bladder

Exercise 5: Label the Diagram 27/11/2018 Exercise 5: Label the Diagram C. ____________ Fallopian Tube B. ______ Uterus A. ______ Ovary D. _____ Cervix E. ______ Vagina

Male Reproductive System Urethra Gland Sperm duct Testes Scrotal sac Upon sexual maturity sperm begins to be produced. 27/11/2018

Male Reproductive System Testis/ Testicles: Makes sperm Scrotum: Sac in which testis are held at less than body temperature Sperm Ducts: Two sperm ducts carry sperm from the testis to the urethra Urethra: Allows sperm to pass out of the male body 27/11/2018

Male Reproductive System 27/11/2018 Bladder Sperm duct Urethra Testicles Scrotum

Exercise 6: Label the Diagram 27/11/2018 Exercise 6: Label the Diagram A. ______ Urethra B. _____ Gland C. __________ Sperm duct D. ______ Testes E. _________ Scrotal sac

The Menstrual Cycle 27/11/2018 In females one menstrual cycle takes place every month (28 days). Occurs between puberty and the menopause. Does not take place during pregnancy.

Ovulation ..is the release of an egg from the ovary every 28 days. 27/11/2018 ..is the release of an egg from the ovary every 28 days.

The 4 Stages of the Menstrual Cycle: 27/11/2018 Day 1-5: Bleeding starts-When the lining of the uterus (built up from the last cycle) breaks down and passes out the vagina – “Having a period” Day 6-13: New lining-the lining starts to build up again and thickens into a spongy layer of blood cells (needed for nourishment should the female become pregnant) Day 14 (approx): An egg is released and lasts for around 3 days Day 28: The lining stays thick awaiting the arrival of a fertilised egg. If one doesn’t come then the lining breaks down again. Cycle begins again.

Menstruation Situation 1 Situation 2 27/11/2018 Once every 28 DAYS an EGG is released from the ovaries. It travels down the FALLOPIAN TUBE towards the womb. Every month the walls of the womb thicken up in preparation in case the egg is FERTILISED. Situation 1 If the egg is UNFERTILISED the walls of the womb break up and pass from the body through the VAGINA along with the egg. This is called the PERIOD and can last 3-4 DAYS. Situation 2 after sex If the egg is fertilised then it EMBEDS itself in the uterus (womb) wall and will begin to develop into a new individual.

Day 11-16 of the menstrual cycle. The Fertile Period 27/11/2018 Day 11-16 of the menstrual cycle. The days in the cycle when a female is most likely to become pregnant. Sperm can stay alive in the female reproductive system for 3 days.

Fertilisation in Humans 27/11/2018 To put it simply, it’s an “egg and sperm race”… Sperm Egg

Fertilisation.. 27/11/2018 ..is the joining of the male and female sex cells to form a baby. Sex cells (a.k.a. gamete) = egg (female) sperm (male)

Fertilisation 27/11/2018 The best chance for fertilisation is if intercourse happens when the egg is released The fertilised egg (“embryo”) will then implant itself into the lining of the uterus

27/11/2018 Fertilization

Implantation.. 27/11/2018 ..is the attachment of the embryo to the lining of the uterus.

Implantation: Embryo attaches to the lining of the womb Foetus Sex cells (gametes) join to form a zygote 27/11/2018 Grows to form a embryo Egg Zygote Sperm Embryo Fertilisation Implantation: Embryo attaches to the lining of the womb Foetus

Word Check–Reproduction Processes 27/11/2018 Word Check–Reproduction Processes

27/11/2018 Reproductive System

From Embryo to Fetus – Animation 27/11/2018 From Embryo to Fetus – Animation

Inside the Womb Amniotic sac – protects the baby 27/11/2018 Amniotic sac – protects the baby Umbilical cord – connects the baby to the mother Placenta – allows the mother’s blood to come close to the baby’s to allow exchange of food, oxygen and wastes

27/11/2018 The Placenta

From Embryo to Fetus – Activity 27/11/2018 From Embryo to Fetus – Activity

Giving birth 27/11/2018 The following events happen when a woman is about to give birth: 2) Muscles in the uterus wall start contracting to push the baby out 1) The amniotic sac bursts (“water breaking”) 3) The muscles in the cervix relax and widen

27/11/2018 4. The afterbirth = after the baby is born the placenta and the umbilical cord are pushed out by contractions!

Exercise 7: Reproduction 1. How often is an ovum released from the ovaries? 2. How long does a period last? 3. What connects the ovaries to the uterus? 4. What happens to the uterus in preparation for a fertilised ovum? 5. How does the unfertilised ovum and the broken-down walls of the uterus leave the body? Every 28 days. 3-4 days. The oviduct. The walls become thicker. Through the vagina. 27/11/2018

Exercise 8: The Placenta 27/11/2018 The developing baby is connected to the mother by the _________ cord. This is attached to the wall of the uterus at the ________. The placenta is a dense network of blood vessels. The placenta supplies the foetus with ______ and _____, whilst removing carbon dioxide and other waste products. The foetus develops in a fluid called _______ fluid which acts as a shock absorber and prevents the foetus from getting bruised. umbilical placenta oxygen food amniotic amniotic oxygen placenta food umbilical