1. 1B4 Human Reproduction

2. OB33 understand the following in relation to human reproduction:
OB31 use wall charts or other illustrative diagrams to identify and locate the main parts of the male and female reproductive systems
OB32 recall that the menstrual cycle lasts about 28 days and that menstruation occurs at the start of the cycle
OB33 understand the following in relation to
human reproduction:
• fertile period in the menstrual cycle
• sexual intercourse
• fertilisation is the fusion between male and female gametes (sperm and egg) resulting in a zygote; a zygote undergoes cell division and develops within the womb into a foetus
• pregnancy and birth
• growth and puberty
OB34 understand that there are many forms of contraception, and that some of these prevent fertilisation

3. The male reproductive system
The male reproduction system produces and delivers the male gamete (sperm)
link to interactive diagram at Kid’sHealth
Seminal Vesicle
Sperm Duct
Side view

4. The female reproductive system
link to interactive diagram at Kid’sHealth
The female reproduction system produces the female gamete (egg) and protects the developing embryo / foetus

5. Growth & Puberty Growth is a characteristic of all living things
During puberty the reproductive systems mature
After puberty a human is called an adult
link to animation at bbc.co.uk

6. The menstrual cycle 28 day cycle in the female
link to animation
28 day cycle in the female
Controlled by chemicals called hormones
An egg is produced, and the womb develops a thick lining of blood vessels to be prepared for pregnancy
If the egg is not fertilised, the lining leaves the womb – menstruation – and the cycle begins again

7. Stages in the menstrual cycle
28 day cycle
Approx. days
1 - 5
Menstruation – loss of uterus lining and unfertilised egg
5 - 13
Repair of uterus lining 14
Release of egg from ovary
Build up of lining of uterus

8. Fertile period in the menstrual cycle
The egg is, usually, released around
Day 14 of a 28 day cycle
Fertilisation is possible for several days around this time

9. link to ‘how stuff works’ animation
Sexual intercourse
The natural process of transferring the sperm from the body of a male to the body of a female
Millions of sperm are transferred in a fluid called semen…they immediately begin swimming towards the single egg cell
link to ‘how stuff works’ animation

10. Fertilisation
Occurs when a male gamete (sperm) fuses with the female gamete (egg) to form a zygote
Also referred to as conception
Sperm + egg = zygote

11. Fertilisation
Fertilisation usually happens in the oviduct / fallopian tube
A fertilised egg – zygote - may then move down into the wall of the uterus / womb

12. Pregnancy
a zygote undergoes cell division and develops within the womb into a foetus
over 40 weeks the foetus develops all its human features
It develops inside a protective sac of fluid
It receives food via a blood supply in the placenta
link to animation

13. Birth
Link to birth animation
After about 40 weeks, when the baby is fully developed, the following happens:
The sac of protective fluid breaks open
The muscles of the uterus / womb contract very strongly to push the baby out
After the baby is born, the placenta is also pushed out of the womb
The umbilical cord between baby and placenta is cut
Links to an animation – may be slow to load…

14. Contraception Main methods of preventing conception:
Chemical - prevention of gamete formation e.g. the Pill
Physical barrier – preventing the gametes from meeting e.g. condom
Timing – avoiding sexual intercourse during the fertile period of the menstrual cycle

15. Find the answers:
Why are human babies born so “helpless” compared to some animal babies?
Why are human babies’ heads so big in comparison to their bodies?
What are conjoined twins and how do they occur?
What is foetal alcohol syndrome ?

16. 1B4 Human Reproduction