Industrial Revolution Element: Analyze the process and impact of industrialization in England, Germany, and Japan, movements for political reform, the writings of Adam Smith and Karl Marx, and urbanization and its affect on women. Vocabulary: industrialization, Adam Smith, Karl Marx, urbanization Essential Question: What was the global impact of the Industrial Revolution?

The Industrial Revolution Industrialization: the process of developing machine produced goods Resources required: Water power and coal to fuel new machines Iron ore to construct new machines, tools, and buildings Rivers for inland transportation Harbors from which merchants’ ships set sail

First Industrial Revolution 1760-1840 the process of developing machine produced goods begins in England but eventually spreads to Europe into Germany and Asia to Japan(Commodore Perry) change of source of power from wood burning to the use of water and coal

Second Industrial Revolution 1870-1914 introduction of steel to replace iron electricity replaced waterpower advanced system of transportation and communication

A Blast Furnace at an Iron Works

Process for Industrialization Large population Extensive natural resources (i.e. water power, coal, and iron ore) Expanding economy (people able to invest in business for a profit) Political stability (no major wars fought in Britain)

The Industrial Revolution Great Britain: the birth place of the Industrial Revolution For the rest of Europe and the World it came much later.

Growth in Germany Early in the 1800’s Germany was not a unified nation geographic issues of scattered resources the development of the railroad system connected isolated industrialized cities the Ruhr Valley was rich in coal and iron ore raw materials were able to be connected to the industrialized cities with the railroad began to industrialize in 1835 gained in economic strength to develop a powerful military

Industrialization of Japan with the beginning of the Meiji era in Japan in 1868 financed textile mills, coal mines, shipyards, and cement and other factories asked private companies to invest in industry (Mitsubishi, 1870) produced sustained economic growth led to strengthening of the military and to Japanese imperialism in Asia

Impact Immediate: New inventions (steam engine, steam boat, more modern roads, rail roads) Period of producing goods with machines in factories from hand-crafted at home Growth of factories Highly developed banking and investment system Increased production of goods Growth of middle class (industrial leaders, industrial workers) Worldwide trade

James Watt’s Steam Engine

Robert Fulton’s Steam Boat

Trains and Rail Roads

Spinning Jenny

Impact Long Term: encouraged Nationalism introduced by the French Revolution increased demand for raw materials expanded imperialism increased competition between industrialized nations rise of militarism

Political Reforms The Factory Act of 1833: Illegal to hire children under 9 years old 9 to 12 could not work more than 8 hours a day 13 to 17 could not work more than 12 hours

Political Reforms The Mines Act of 1842: Prevented women and children from working underground The Ten Hours Act of 1847: Limited the work day to ten hours for women and children who worked in factories

New ways of thinking Adam Smith: Father of Capitalism Wrote Wealth of Nations Karl Marx: Father of Communism Friedrich Engels helped him write his book the Communist Manifesto

Adam Smith

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Karl Marx Friedrich Engels

Belief of Ownership Adam Smith Karl Marx Individuals and business own property and the means of production The community or the state should own property and the means of production

Belief of Progress Adam Smith Karl Marx Progress results when individuals follow their own self-interest Progress results when a community of producers cooperate for the food of all

Role of Government Adam Smith Karl Marx Government should not interfere in the economy because competition creates efficiency in business Laissez faire An unequal distribution of wealth and material goods is unfair. A better system is to distribute goods according to each person’s need

Basic Beleifs Adam Smith Karl Marx Businesses follow their own self-interest by competing for the consumer’s money. Each business tries to produce goods or services that are better less expensive than those of competitors Consumers compete to buy the best goods at the lowest prices. This competition shapes the market by affecting what business are able to sell Socialists believe that capitalist employers take advantage of workers. The community or state must act to protect workers Capitalism creates unequal distribution of wealth and material goods. A better system is to distribute goods according to each person’s need.

Urbanization use of machines to manufacture goods changed where people worked: in factories rather than at home changed where they lived: in cities rather than on farms the demand for city life led to city building, along with the movement of people migrating from the farm (rural area) to the cities (urban areas)

Affect on Women Women were legally inferior to, and economically dependent on men Married men were now expected to support the family married women were to take care of the home perform low-paying jobs in the home such as taking in laundry, to help the family survive the employment of women and children was a holdover from the cottage industry system unmarried women took textile industry jobs unskilled and were paid half or less than the men Rise of women’s suffrage