Ch. 33 sec. 4 Textbook Questions

1. What makes up the “First World”? “Second World”? “Third World”?

1. What makes up the “First World”? “Second World”? “Third World”? … First World = industrialized capitalist nations (U.S. & Allies) … Second World = Communist Nations (U.S.S.R.) … Third World = developing nations (not aligned with any superpowers)

2. List two Third World countries that were able to maintain their neutrality.

2. List two Third World countries that were able to maintain their neutrality. … India , Indonesia

3. Who led the revolution in Cuba in 1959?

3. Who led the revolution in Cuba in 1959? … Fidel Castro

4. What country did Castro and Cuba turn to for economic and military aid?

4. What country did Castro and Cuba turn to for economic and military aid? … Soviet Union

5. What did the Soviet Union hope to do in July 1962 in Cuba?

5. What did the Soviet Union hope to do in July 1962 in Cuba? … build 42 missile sites in Cuba

6. Who initially backed the Sandinista government in Nicaragua in 1979?

6. Who initially backed the Sandinista government in Nicaragua in 1979? … Both United States and Soviet Union

7. Who were the Contras in El Salvador?

7. Who were the Contras in El Salvador? … Nicaraguan anti-communist forces

8. Who ruled Iran after World War II until he fled in 1979 (and 1953)?

8. Who ruled Iran after World War II until he fled in 1979 (and 1953)? … Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi

9. Who became the leader of Iran in 1979?

9. Who became the leader of Iran in 1979? … Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini

10. What did the Iranian Islamic revolutionaries demand after taking hostages at the U.S. embassy?

10. What did the Iranian Islamic revolutionaries demand after taking hostages at the U.S. embassy? … the shah to face trial.

11. How many Iranians and Iraqis died in their war in the 1980s?

11. How many Iranians and Iraqis died in their war in the 1980s? … a million

12. What motivated the Soviets to invade Afghanistan in 1979?

12. What motivated the Soviets to invade Afghanistan in 1979? .. a Muslim revolt threatened to topple Afghanistan’s Communist regime

13. When did the Soviets withdraw from Afghanistan?

13. When did the Soviets withdraw from Afghanistan? … 1989, after acknowledging the war’s devastating costs