1. Cold War Around the World

2. Fighting Over Third World
After WWII, nations were considered to be First World, Second World, or Third World.
Third World nations were poor, politically unstable, and lacked industrialization and education.
Why were they Third World? Imperialism.
Third World countries were targets for Soviet Union (communism) and USA (capitalism).
Nonaligned nations: India & Indonesia tried to stay neutral during Cold War.

3. Latin America American businesses dominated Latin America.
Often supported dictators to protect U.S. interests.
Latin American people suffered under harsh rulers for years.
Inspired revolutions: sometimes communist.
U.S. supported anti-communist rulers.

4. Latin America Cuba: U.S. supported dictator Fulgencia Batista.
Jan Batista overthrown by communist Fidel Castro.
Castro suspended elections, jailed or killed opponents, and censored the press.

5. Latin America
Castro nationalized (govt. owned) American sugar companies.
Pres. Eisenhower place embargo on trade w/Cuba.
Castro tuned to the Soviet Union for help.
Bay of Pigs invasion:
CIA planned invasion of Cuba.
Anti-Castro Cubans trained for attack.
Pres. Kennedy refused to send
air support.
Castro defeated invasion force.
United States humiliated.

6. Latin America Cuban Missile Crisis: Oct 1962
Khrushchev (USSR leader) began building missile sites in Cuba.
U.S. found out
Demanded removal of missiles
Imposed blockade of Cuba
Castro upset about Cuba being a “tool” for the Cold War.

7. Latin America
Possible WWIII: U.S. troops assembled in Florida and the world prepared for nuclear war.
After 13 days Khrushchev agreed to remove missiles, only if U.S. never invades Cuba.
Missile Crisis Over!
Cuba became dependent on Soviet support.

9. Middle East Iran: Embraced western ideas after WWII
Iranians upset about foreign alliances.
Prime Minister Mossaddeq took power
overthrown with U.S. support
U.S. feared Mossaddeq would turn to communism.
Western ideas vs. Islamic ideas
Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini: led religious opposition.
West corrupting Iran
Muslim leaders began rioting and drove shah out
Islamic law now legal code

10. Middle East Iran’s policies become very anti-U.S.
1979: Islamic extremists take over U.S. Embassy in Tehran.
60 American hostages
Released Jan. 1981
Iraq vs. Iran
Iraqis = Sunni
Iranians = Shi’a
Iran Muslim state, Iraq secular state.
Fought for 8 years.

11. Middle East Afghanistan: Became communist in 1978. Afghans revolted
Soviets invaded Dec to stop the rebellion.
Parallel wars: Soviets stuck in Afghanistan like U.S. stuck in Vietnam.
Mujahideen fought Soviets with U.S. supplied weapons.
Soviet troops left in Feb
Civil unrest & distrust of foreigners would last in the region.

12. Boycott of 1980 Olympics Summer Olympic Games to be held in Moscow.
After Soviets invaded Afghanistan, U.S. warned USSR by placing embargo on grain and boycotting Olympics.
62 nations joined U.S.
Future games to be held in neutral nations during wartime.