1. Chapter 33 – RESTRUCTURING THE POSTWAR WORLD
UNIT 12
Chapter 33 – RESTRUCTURING THE POSTWAR WORLD
THE COLD WAR

2. CHAPTER 33 Restructuring the Postwar World, 1945–Present SECTION 4
The United States and the Soviet Union vie for superiority, and both countries extend their control over other nations.
SECTION 1
Cold War: Superpowers Face Off
SECTION 2
Communists Take Power in China
SECTION 3
Wars in Korea and Vietnam
SECTION 4
The Cold War Divides the World
SECTION 5
The Cold War Thaws
Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin (left to right) at the Yalta Conference (February 1945).
These are my notes for slide 2

3. OBJECTIVES CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the conflicts of the Cold War
Objective 11.2: Explain the events that led to President Nixon’s resignation.

4. Chapter 33 SECTION 4 THE COLD WAR DIVIDES THE WORLD
The superpowers support opposing sides in Latin American and Middle Eastern conflicts.

5. THE THIRD WORLD
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More Than One “World”
After WWII the world’s nations were grouped into three “worlds”.
1st – industrialized nations; 2nd – Communists nations; 3rd – developing nations
Third World — developing nations; often newly independent, nonaligned (Ex: Latin America, Asian islands, African nations)
U.S., Soviet Union, China compete for influence over Third World
Back revolutions and give economic, military, technical aid
Association of Nonaligned Nations
Many countries, like India, want to avoid involvement in Cold War
In 1955, Indonesia hosts Asian, African leaders who want neutrality
Nonaligned nations — independent countries not involved in Cold War

6. THE BAY OF PIGS Fidel Castro Outcome of the Invasion
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Fidel Castro
A U.S. supported Cuban dictator, Fulgencio Batista, was unpopular
Fidel Castro — leads revolt in Cuba in 1959 and converts Cuba to communism
With Castro in power, he nationalizes economy, takes U.S. property
Outcome of the Invasion
President Kennedy approved an invasion of Cuba on April 17, 1961.
To overthrow Castro, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) trained a group of Cubans to invade Cuba.
The Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba by the U.S. in 1961 proved to be a U.S. military disaster.
Airstrikes failed to destroy Cuba’s air force, and Cuban troops easily fought off the invaders.
The United States lost credibility for its clumsy invasion tactics as well as its violation of agreements not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere.

7. CONFLICT IN CUBA
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On October 16, 1962, photographs taken from an American spy plane showed construction of Soviet missile bases in Cuba, about 90 miles from the coast of Florida.
In 1962, U.S. demands removal of Soviet missiles in Cuba; with the countries on the brink of nuclear war this became known as the Cuban Missile Crisis
After much consultation with his advisors, President Kennedy decided to authorize a naval “quarantine” around Cuba.
He demanded that Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev cease construction of the missile bases.
On October 25, Soviet ships headed for Cuba suddenly reversed direction, called back by Khrushchev.
This action led to tremendous relief since confrontation, and the threat of nuclear war, had been avoided.

8. CRISIS RESOLVED
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The Cuban Missile Crisis did not end when Soviet ships reversed their course, however.
The end of the crisis came several days later, when Kennedy responded to letters sent from Khrushchev, agreeing to some terms publicly and others in secret.
Soviets withdraw missiles; U.S. promises not to invade Cuba
In return, the United States agreed to end the quarantine, stay out of Cuba, and remove missiles of its own from Turkey.
As a result of the crisis, Kennedy and Khrushchev established a “hot line” with which they could communicate quickly in case of further crises.
Cuban economy is left dependent on Soviet support

9. CLASH IN IRAN Religious and Secular Values Clash in Iran
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Religious and Secular Values Clash in Iran
Shah Reza Pahlavi embraces Western governments, oil companies
Iranian nationalists overthrow shah, seize British oil company
U.S. restores shah to power, fearing Soviet encroachment
The United States Supports Secular Rule
Shah Reza Pahlavi westernizes Iran with U.S. support
Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini — Iranian Muslim leader; exiled until ’s
In 1978, Khomeini sparks riots in Iran; shah flees

10. IRANIAN CONFLICT Khomeini’s Anti-U.S. Policies
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Khomeini’s Anti-U.S. Policies
Islamic revolutionaries hold American hostages in Tehran (1979– 1980)
Muslim radicals take control in Iran, increasing tensions with Iraq
Iran, Iraq fight 8-year war; U.S. aids both sides, Soviets help Iraq
The Superpowers Face Off in Afghanistan
Soviets invade Afghanistan, help Communist government against rebels
Muslim rebels fight guerilla war against Soviets with U.S. weapons
U.S. stops grain shipments to Soviet Union;
The 1980’s Soviet invasion of Afghanistan fails; they withdraw in