1. Cold War Around the World
Chapter 17 / Section 4

2. Confrontations over Developing Nations
“Three Worlds” following WWII:
First World: United States and allies
Second World: Soviet Union / allies
Third World: developing nations, often newly independent, who weren’t aligned with a superpower.
WHAT DO THEY EXPERIENCE?
WHY?

3. Confrontations over Developing Nations (cont’d)
To gain influence in these third world countries the two superpowers would try a variety of techniques.
1) Back revolutions.
2) Military assistance.
3) Aid to build countries.

4. Confrontations over Developing Nations (cont’d)
Nonaligned Nations, countries that formed the “third force”, vowed not to be influenced by superpowers.
DID ALL?

5. Postwar Face-off in Latin America
Before WWII American business dominated Latin America.
However, after the war the gap between rich and poor led to revolution.
One of the biggest started in the 1950’s.

6. Postwar Face-off in Latin America (cont’d)
Cuban Revolution:
U.S. backs Batista, unpopular dictator.
By January, 1959 Fidel Castro led a revolution, he was loved instantly.
Reformed economy, literacy, health care, and conditions for women.
HOW?

7. Postwar Face-off in Latin America (cont’d)
However, the love for Castro fades fast; becomes a harsh dictator because nationalizes everything.
Takes over U.S. owned sugar mills.
Led to President Eisenhower stopping all trade with Cuba.
Castro then turns to the Soviet Union.

8. Postwar Face-off in Latin America (cont’d)
Led to the Bay of Pigs in April, 1961.
Disaster for President Kennedy and the United States.

10. Postwar Face-off in Latin America (cont’d)
The Bay of Pigs incident upset both Castro and Khrushchev.
By July, 1962 the Soviets were building missile sites in Cuba.
In October a United States spy plane discovers them, becomes known as Cuban Missile Crisis.

11. Cuban Missile Crisis

12. Postwar Face-off in Latin America (cont’d)
Civil War in Nicaragua:
Anastasio Somoza, dictator of Nicaragua who is toppled by the Sandinista rebels in 1979.
Sandinista leader Daniel Ortega, is also aided at first by the United States, until he followed socialist ideas.

13. Confrontation in the Middle East
Conflict began from wealth of the oil industry and the conflict between Islamic values and the modern Western world.
STILL A PROBLEM?
Iranian leader Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, lets in Western world to Iran to buy oil. Westernized country.

14. Confrontation in the Middle East (cont’d)
Upsets conservatives in the country.
Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini, leads this group to overtake the country. By 1979 they prevail.
Khomeini has a anti-U.S. policy which sparks with him taking U.S. hostages from the embassy in Tehran. Tried to unite Muslims.

15. Confrontation in the Middle East (cont’d)
Afghanistan Threat:
Muslim revolt threatened the Communist regime in 1979.
Led to Soviet take over; this scared the United States the Soviets moving toward Persian Gulf (oil).
President Carter threatens attack, Soviets stop there.
Hurt Soviet economy.