POLITICS IN THE GUILDED AGE CHAPTER 7 - SECTION 3 POLITICS IN THE GUILDED AGE 11/22/2018 MAH 7-3

WHAT DOES A POLITICAL MACHINE DO? THE CITY BOSS WARD BOSS PRECINCT CAPTAINS PRECINCT WORKERS VOTERS / CITIZENS IT CONTROLS A POLITICAL PARTY AND… OFFERS SERVICES TO… VOTERS 11/22/2018 MAH 7-3

THE ROLE OF POLITICAL BOSSES PATRONAGE PASS OUT GOV’T JOBS AWARD GOV’T CONTRACTS GRANT LICENSES HELP IMMIGRANTS WITH JOBS, CITIZENSHIP 11/22/2018 MAH 7-3

PROBLEMS WITH POLITICAL MACHINES GRAFT ILLEGAL USE OF POLITICAL INFLUENCE FOR PERSONAL GAIN KICKBACKS ILLEGAL PAYMENTS FOR CONTRACTS BRIBES VOTER FRAUD 11/22/2018 MAH 7-3

THE TWEED RING SCANDAL TAMMANY HALL (NYC) CORRUPTION EVENTUAL CONVICTION NYC City Hall $145 million 13 years WILLIAM MARCY “BOSS” TWEED 11/22/2018 MAH 7-3

THOMAS NAST POLITICAL CARTOONIST REVEALED TWEED CORRUPTION Self-portrait THOMAS NAST POLITICAL CARTOONIST REVEALED TWEED CORRUPTION CREDITED WITH CREATING… REPUBLICAN ELEPHANT DEMOCRATIC DONKEY “UNCLE SAM” AND SANTA CLAUS 11/22/2018 MAH 7-3

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READ ISAAC’S STORM BY ERIC LARSON 11/22/2018 MAH 7-3

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THE SPOILS SYSTEM PROBLEMS 1- UNQUALIFIED WORKERS “TO THE VICTOR GOES THE SPOILS” PROBLEMS 1- UNQUALIFIED WORKERS 2- USED FOR PERSONAL GAIN 3- UNSTABLE CIVIL SERVICE 11/22/2018 MAH 7-3

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THE CIVIL SERVICE SYSTEM JOBS BASED ON MERIT NOT GIVEN TO FRIENDS JOB RELATED TEST PROPOSED IN 1876 BY PRESIDENT HAYES UNSUCCESSFUL 11/22/2018 MAH 7-3

THE CIVIL SERVICE SYSTEM PRES. GARFIELD TOOK OFFICE 1881 KILLED IN 1881 PRES. CHESTER ARTHUR ABLE TO REFORM SYSTEM PENDLETON ACT(1883) 11/22/2018 MAH 7-3

“Gentlemen” George Pendleton U.S. HOUSE MEMBER FROM OHIO 11/22/2018 MAH 7-3

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Year Executive branch civilians (1,000) Uniformed military personnel (1,000) Leg & jud branch personnel (1,000) Total Fed personnel (1,000) 1993 2,947 1,744 66 4,758 1994 2,908 1,648 63 4,620 1995 2,858 1,555 62 4,475 1996 2,786 1,507 61 4,354 1997 2,725 1,439 4,226 1998 2,727 1,407 4,196 1999 2,687 1,386 4,135 2000 2,639 1,426 4,129 2001 2,640 1,428 64 4,132 2002 2,630 1,456 4,152 2003 2,666 1,478 65 4,210 2004 2,650 1,473 4,187 2005 2,636 1,436 4,138 2006 2,637 1,432 4,133 2007 1,427 4,127 2008 2,692 1,450 4,206 2009 2,774 1,591 4,430 2010 2,776 1,602 4,443 11/22/2018 MAH 7-3

THE STRUGGLE OVER TARIFFS WHAT ARE TARIFFS? TAXES ON IMPORTS WHO WANTED THEM? BUSINESS OWNERS LABOR LEADERS FARMERS REPUBLICANS WHO DIDN’T WANT THEM? CONSUMERS DEMORACTS 11/22/2018 MAH 7-3

LOWERED TARIFFS - AGAIN 1892 WILLIAM MCKINLEY RAISED TARIFFS - AGAIN 1884 GROVER CLEVELAND DEMOCRAT LOWERED TARIFFS 1888 BENJAMIN HARRISON REPUBLICAN RAISED TARIFFS 1892 GROVER CLEVELAND LOWERED TARIFFS - AGAIN 1892 WILLIAM MCKINLEY RAISED TARIFFS - AGAIN 11/22/2018 MAH 7-3

THE STRUGGLE OVER TARIFFS PRES. CLEVELAND 1888 ELECTION WON POP VOTE BUT LOST ELECTION ELECTORAL COLLEGE 11/22/2018 MAH 7-3