CHAPTER 12 SECTION 4 Duncan price, Braeden raWA, NICOLE ZUKOWSKI, lauren Wasylson, Jordyn douglas, Isabelle Berkopec

Objectives Discuss the U.S involvement in Latin America Elaborate on the Mexican Revolution. Explain economic and social changes in Latin America during 19th and 20th century.

What was the impact The us had IN LATIN AMERICA? As a result of the Spanish-American War the US annexed Puerto Rico and gained control of other Spanish colonies, such as the Philippines, and effectively made Cuba a protectorate of the United States. In 1903 the US supported a revolution in Panama and after the revolution was successful the US was granted control of a ten-mile strip that it would later turn into the Panama Canal. In 1904 President Theodore Roosevelt made a declaration that would be known as the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine that declared that the US would intervene in any Latin American Nation guilty of “chronic misconduct”. This effectively meant that the US was saying that it could interfere in any Latin American Nation if it felt there was a justifiable reason.

What was the impact The us had IN LATIN AMERICA? Part Two US pursued “Dollar Diplomacy”. Dollar Diplomacy is a type of foreign policy where a country uses economic means to extend its influence in other nations. The US replaced European Nations as the largest supplier of loans and investments. To protect its investments the US sent its military forces to into countries such as Cuba, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic and they would sometimes stay there for years. This caused much resentment in Latin American countries towards the “big bully” in the north.

The MEXICAN REVOLTION Porfirio Díaz was the leader of Mexico and he was a Conservative dictator. He was supported by the Catholic Church, the army, foreign capitalists, and large landowners. A major cause of the revolution in Mexico was wealth disparity. Wages for workers declined and 95% of rural population owned no land, while1,000 families owned almost all the land in Mexico.  Francisco Madero, a liberal landowner, forced Diaz from power. He was ineffective and was unable to carry out much of his agenda. Pancho Villa was an infamous bandit and revolutionary who led large bands of armed men in the Northern Mexican states and left them in a state of near anarchy. He was the cause of a major split in the government. Emiliano Zapata led masses of armed peasants to redistribute land from the wealthy elites land among the peasants. Madero and Zapata couldn’t come to an agreement where Zapata would disarm his followers. The revolution resulted in a new constitution. It set up a President that would be elected by universal male suffrage, created land reforms, set limits on foreign investors, and helped workers. It gave them minimum wage, limit working hours and form unions. It also led to a rise in Mexican Nationalism.

How did prosperity change in Latin America after 1870? Latin American countries exported raw materials, like wheat and beef from Argentine, coffee from Brazil, Coffee and Bananas from Central America, and Sugar and Silver Peru, and exchanged them for finished goods from Industrialized countries. Latin American countries also Industrialized in industries such as the production of food stuffs, construction materials, and textiles, but the economies of Latin American countries were heavily dependent on the exportation of raw materials. Countries still underdeveloped. The Rural Elites dominated their estates workers, former slaves were at the bottom of society, and indigenous people were poverty stricken. During this period there was growth in the Middle Class that was comprised of  Lawyers, merchants, shopkeepers, businesspeople, school teachers, professors, bureaucrats, and military officers. Latin American Middle Class was similar to European Middle Class in that they both sought education, good wages, and sought liberal reform not revolution. Middle Class idolized US and its industrialization, and in political situations typically sided with the land holding elites. Working Class formed labor unions and used the general strike to try and enact change. They had limited voting rights, because the ruling elites wanted to stifle their political influence Need for Industrialized labor brought European Immigrants by the million to countries like Argentine. This led to the urbanization of Latin American countries.