1. Come in, and QUIETLY. have a seat. 2 1. Come in, and QUIETLY have a seat. 2. Complete Sponge Reading and Color Code 3. Phylum Porifera Notes 4. Large Sponge Anatomy Color Code
Invertebrates Part 1 Phylum Porifera: Sponges April Adams Zoology
Zoology Standards SZ2. Students will explain the evolutionary history of animals over the geological history of Earth. a. Outline the geological history of Earth and discuss the major environmental changes that have occurred over time. c. Describe the fossil record of the animals including discussing the Cambrian Explosion and major extinction events. SZ3. Students will compare form and function relationships within animal groups (clades) and across key taxa. a. Explain the similarities and differences among major body plans (e.g., asymmetry, radial and bilateral symmetry). SZ4. Students will assess how animals interact with their environment including key adaptations found within animal taxa. a. Discuss morphological and physiological adaptations relative to ecological roles. b. Relate animal adaptations, including behaviors, to the ecological roles of animals. c. Explain various life cycles found among animals (e.g., polyp and medusa in cnidarians;
Hypothesis of Multicellularity Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Hypothesis of Multicellularity
Characteristics of Animals 1. Multicellular, eukaryotes 2. Heterotrophs 3. Cells w/out cell walls, many have specialized functions 4. Usually have a method of movement 5. Most reproduce sexually 6. Require oxygen
Describe the Body Plans of Animals 1. Symmetry: balance in body proportions a. Asymmetrical:have irregularly shaped bodies, no symmetry
b. Radial symmetry: can be divided along any plane to produce 2 halves which look alike c. Bilateral: can be divided only one way to produce mirror image halves Radial Bilateral Symmetry Posterior end Dorsal Ventral Planes of Symmetry Anterior end Planes of symmetry
2. Body arrangements: a. anterior: head region b. posterior: tail region c. dorsal: back or top d. ventral: abdomen or bottom
Sponges: Phylum Porifera (“pore bearer”) Simplest of all animals Assymetrical Sessile filter-feeders whose bodies have many pores Obtain oxygen by filtering water No nervous system or organ systems No tissue organization- 2 cell layers Blue World:Sponges Sponge Intro Video
SPONGES Digestion: filter feeders - choanocytes Excretion: Basic diffusion; wastes exit through osculum Circulation: amoeboid cells Respiration: diffusion-obtain oxygen from water Reproduction: ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL
The Anatomy of a Sponge Outer epithelial layer jellylike middle layer ( amoeboid cells and spicules) Spongocoel- inner cavity lined with choanocytes Water flow Osculum Choanocyte Central cavity Spicule Pore cell Pore Pores Epidermal cell Amoeboid cell Section 26-2
Sponge Body Structures A. Osculum: water exits- B. Pore cells (ostia): water enters C. Collar cells:(choanocytes)- line interior, have flagella to filter food from water D. Amoeboid cells (Amoebocytes): carry nutrients from collar cells to body of the sponge E. Spicules- support/skeleton F. Epithelial cells-”skin”-support/protection
Simple Sponge Morphology Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Simple Sponge Morphology
Three Body Types(Forms) Asconoid- simple- pore cells open directly into sponge Syconoid- more complex- pore cells open into canals Leuconoid- most complex- pore cells open into canals that open into chamber (ex. Bath sponge)
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Sponge Body Forms
How much did your brain “sponge” in? What does the word Porifera mean? What type of structure? provide the skeleton of a sponge? Filter food out of the water? Allows water to exit the sponge? How do sponges survive without body systems? (Be specific)
Classes Calcarea- Hexactinellida- Demospongia-
Class Calcarea Grantia Small Vase shape Common name “vase sponges” Spicules of calcium carbonate Straight or 3-4 rays
Class Hexactinellida “glass sponges” Euplectella Spicules Made of silicon (Siliceous) “hex”-6 rays
Class Demospongiae “peoples sponge” Spongia Spicules Siliceous Spongin Ex. Bath sponge NEW carnivorous sponge
Fig. 12.11a
Sponge Reproduction Asexually: Fragments break off grow into new individuals Buds form from sides of parent sponge, break offnew sponge can grow back missing parts (regeneration) Sexually: Hermaphrodites: produce both eggs and sperm Gametes are released into water (external fertilization)larva swim to new area
Lifestyle and Importance Aquatic- mostly marine sessile as adults with free living larva Importance- As filter feeders, they clean water in ecosystem Large sponges filter 1500 liters/day
Precambrian Before 670 MYA Porifera Platyhelmithes Mollusca Arthropoda Echinodermata Hemichordata Cnidaria Nemertea Annelida Lophophores Chordata Precambrian Before 670 MYA Protozoans
How much did your brain “sponge” in? Sponges are classified according to what structure in their body? (Hint- skeleton) List the three classes of sponges and their common names. What type of sponge? Has spicules of calcium carbonate? Has spicules of 6 rays? Have spicules made of spongin? Class Hexactinellida has spicules made of? How do sponges survive without body systems? (Be specific)