1. KINGDOM ANIMALIA
INVERTEBRATES

2. Which of these is NOT an animal?

3. TWO MAIN GROUPS of ANIMALS
Vertebrates
Species with backbones
Invertebrates
Species without backbones
Make up 97% of all species
Sponge-simplest of ALL animals!!

4. SPONGES Phylum: Porifera (pore-bearing) Types depend on: habitat
Video
Phylum: Porifera (pore-bearing)
Types depend on: habitat
Reproduce: Asexually by budding/regeneration or sexually through “cross-fertilization”

5. Most sponges are
hermaphrodites!
Sponge releasing
sperm

6. Tubular sponges

9. Tubular sponges
Class: demosponge, largest class with about 7,000 species
Include the largest in size
Widespread in tropical waters

10. Encrusting sponges Class: demosponge
Can be found attached to scallops and oysters
Mutualism: sponges provides protection from predators and sponge gets a free ride to new food sources

11. Encrusting sponges

12. Boring sponges Class: demosponge
Burrows into the shells of mollusks
Can weaken shell

13. Boring sponges

15. Sponge Characterisitics
Complex specialized cells
Simplest multicellular organism on earth (no tissues or organs)!
Asexual and sexual reproducers
Sessile: attached to surfaces
Most found in shallow waters
Suspension filter feeders (filter plankton from water)

17. Water Flow Through the Sponge
WATER OUT
Water Flow Through the Sponge
WATER IN
Osculum

18. Sponge parts to know
Collar cells/Choanocytes: feeding chambers has flagellum that creates currents, pulling water & food in
Gemmules are specialized buds made to survive harsh weather (hot or cold)
Ostia: tiny pores allow water in
Spicules: for structural support & I.D.
Osculum: Opening where filtered water exits

19. Osculum
Osculum
Ostia
Spicules
Collar Cell

20. Collar cell close up

21. Sponge Skeletons
Silica Spicules
Limestone Spicules
SPONGIN

22. Spicules and spongin

23. Spicules and Gemmules

24. Cross section of sponge wall

25. Predators: Mollusks (Nudibranchs) primarily
Sea turtle feeding on sponge
Dolphin using sponges as tools
Predators: Mollusks (Nudibranchs) primarily

26. Human uses Cleaning products! Research in antibiotic resistance
Pharmaceutical implications
VIDEO (7:00)
Nudibranch molluscs are the principal predators of sponges

27. Which of these is NOT an animal?

28. Animal Body Plans
Animal’s bodies are described based on the following characteristics:
Type of symmetry
Location of structures (for bilateral only)
Unicellular or multicellular
Types of cell layers
Presence of a body cavity
Segmentation

29. Types of Symmetry:
1. Asymmetry - no particular symmetry. Found in simplest animals
Ex: Sponges

30. 2. Radial symmetry - organized similar to a wheel.
Ex: Jellyfish, starfish

31. 3. Bilateral symmetry - has definite right and left halves; adaptation for movement, most advanced
Ex: worm, lobster, human

34. Guess the symmetry! Cnidaria Chordata Annelida Echinodermata Mollusc
Arthropoda
porifera
radial
bilateral
asymmetrical