March 23, 2016 End of WWI Treaty of Versailles Notes Get out paper and pencil TEST Friday! Study Guide on Blog

Paris Peace Process January 1919 at Palace of Versailles Big Three: Woodrow Wilson (USA) Georges Clemenceau (France) David Lloyd George (Great Britain) Russia, Germany, and German allies not represented Fighting ended in Nov. 1918, but peace process wouldn’t begin until Jan. 1919 Took place at the Palace of Versailles in Paris There were 32 countries there but 4 would take the lead in making decisions BIG FOUR: Woodrow Wilson (USA), Georges Clemenceau (France), David Lloyd George (GB) and Vittorio Orlando (Italy) Russia was not present due to its civil war (Ask students: Why was Russia not present at the peace conference?) Germany and German allies were not present (Ask students: What do you think will happen at this peace conference since Germany and its allies are not present? Is that fair?) Why

Fourteen Points Woodrow Wilson Outline for establishing peace Attempt to prevent causes like M.A.I.N from happening again 14th point: “general association of nations” that would “protect great and small states alike” Fourteen points was Woodrow Wilson’s series of peace proposals included: End to secret treaties (Ask students: What was this in response to? Alliances formed before/during the war) Freedom of the seas (What was this in response to? Unrestricted submarine warfare) Free trade Reduction of national armies and navies (What was this in response to? Militarism) Adjustment of colonial claims (What was this in response to? Imperialism) Changing borders and creating new nations (What was this in response to? Nationalism) Self-determination General association of nations (Idea for League of Nations, which fails, and eventual United Nations)

Treaty of Versailles https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gKzZ1OwPXgk

Treaty of Versaille Compromise between France and Britain and the United States USA wanted lasting peace France and Great Britain aimed to punish Germany Signed June 28,1919 Compromise between France and Britain and the United States USA wanted lasting peace France and Great Britain aimed to punish Germany (Ask students to take the perspective of a British citizen who just lived through WWI. What sort of emotions would they feel, especially towards Germany? How would that impact you viewpoint on the peace process? Do the same for France?) They didn’t want Germany to be a military threat again George Clemenceau made the treaty be signed in the Hall of Mirrors where Wilhelm I had been crowned emperor of Germany in 1871 Signed June 28,1919 (what is significant about this date?) 5 years to the day from when Franz Ferdinand was assassinated

Terms of the Treaty of Versaille Adopts League of Nations Punished Germany: Lost territory Limits on military “War Guilt” clause Germany pays reparations to the Allies Imperial territories become mandates Adopts League of Nations Precursor to the United Nations Punished Germany: Lost territory in Europe Limits on military “War Guilt” clause Germany has to accept full responsibility/blame for the war even though Austria started the war Germany pays reparations to the Allies Huge negative impact on German economy Imperial territories become mandates that are governed by the League of Nations

New Nations Formed Large empires dissolve into smaller nations Austria-Hungary becomes Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, and Yugoslavia Russia becomes Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia Germany loses land to form Poland and Alsace Lorraine returned to France Ottoman Empire becomes Turkey

Have students come up to the smart board and outline the Austria-Hungary Empire before WWI, then outline the empire afterward. They will use different colors to signify all the different countries formed from the old empire. Do this for the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and Germany

Legacy of the Treaty of Versailles German citizens feel bitter Colonies feel cheated, spurs independence movements Italy and Japan gained less territory than they desired USA did not support League of Nations Treaty was “built on quicksand”

League of Nations Body created to ensure peace 40 nations joined Countries negotiate rather than declare war 40 nations joined US Senate does not ratify the treaty USA does not join the League League losses power and authority First step toward international peace organization

Legacy of WWI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jO- QWFwosk8&list=PLUZb2TqzIGEAogbDOfxtm3dS1V0PKrLX_&index=7 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBI6ZzaP2Uk

1915 1916 1917 1914 Battle of the Somme Battle of Gallipoli Spark: June 28,1914 Assassination of Archduke First Battle of the Marne Russian Revolution Great Britain France Russia Italy Germany United States May 7, 1915 Lusitania Austria-Hungary Battle of Tannenburg Battle of Verdun 1918 1920 1922 1919 1921 1923 Treaty of Versailles signed Treaty of Brest-Livtosk Russian Civil War Ends Ottomans Surrender Armistice Signed World War I