Lesson IV: 2nd Declension Nouns Oct. 14-17, 2014

Let’s Review! Nouns are divided into groups called declensions.. Declensions are a set of shared endings. So far, we’ve learned 1st Declension Nouns.

(Endings) Case Singular Plural Nominative a ae Genitive ae arum In Latin, the endings indicate the case of the noun. 1st Declension Noun Review (Endings) Case Singular Plural Nominative a ae Genitive ae arum Dative ae is Accusative am as Ablative ā is Example: insularum = plural genitive

Step 2: Add the case endings to the noun stem. Singular Plural Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative

1st Declension vs. 2nd Declension 1st declension nouns end in –ae in their genitive singular, regardless of their gender. 2nd declension nouns end in –i in the genitive singular, regardless of their gender. agricola, agricolae: 1st declension carrus, carri: 2nd declension

Which Declension Is It? -ae: 1st -i: 2nd agricola, agricolae (m.) puella, puellae (f.) equus, equi (m.) carrus, carri (m.) poeta, poetae (m.) via, viae (f.) servus, servi (m.) 1st 2nd

2nd Declension Nouns! 2nd declension nouns end in –i in the genitive singular. Most 2nd declension nouns are masculine or neuter. (not all!) Let’s learn how to decline a 2nd declension masculine noun on its “declension chart.”

2nd Declension Masculine Nouns Write these down! (Endings) Case Singular Plural Nominative -us -i Genitive -i -orum Dative -o -is Accusative -um -os Ablative -o -is

Dictionary entry of a noun: servus servi, m. slave Step 1 – Find the noun stem The noun stem is found by dropping the genitive singular ending from the noun. Dictionary entry of a noun: servus servi, m. slave Meaning Genitive singular Gender Nominative singular servi – i = serv- Noun Stem

2nd Declension Nouns servus, servi (m.) --- slave Case Singular Plural Nominative servus servi Genitive servi servorum Dative servo servis Accusative servum servos Ablative servo servis Your turn! Try equus, equi (m.) --- horse

Your Turn! Decline carrus, carri (m.) cart, wagon Case Singular Plural Nominative carrus carri Genitive carri carrorum Dative carro carris Accusative carrum carros Ablative carro carris

Your Turn! Decline equus, equi (m.) horse Case Singular Plural Nominative equus equi Genitive equi equorum Dative equo equis Accusative equum equos Ablative equo equis

Which Chart Do I Use? 1st declension or 2nd declension? A noun only has 1 (ONE) chart. Look at the genitive singular ending. If it’s –ae, use the 1st declension chart. If it’s –i, use the 2nd declension chart. 1st 2nd puella, puellae carrus, carri

Nouns and Adjectives Remember that nouns and adjectives must agree in GENDER, NUMBER, and CASE. Adjectives can be declined with 2nd declension endings to modify masculine nouns. carrus bonus: the good cart servi boni: the good slaves agricola bonus: the good farmer

parva puella: the little girl

magnus equus: the big horse

carrus bonus: the good cart

carri boni: the good carts

agricola bonus: the good farmer

Adjective practice Complete each sentence with the correct endings. Bon____ est equus. Carri long____ sunt. Ubi sunt viae long____? Servus equum mal____ non amat. Terra erat dur____. us i ae um a

Write Latin and English! Textbook p. 37 Ex. A 1. Viae sunt malae. 2. Servus erat parvus. 3. Servus est non malus. 4. Equi magni sunt et boni. 5. Carri magni sunt sed equi sunt parvi. 6. Servi aquam laudant. 7. Servus malus in terra laborat. 8. Agricola magnos carros spectat. 9. Ubi servi multos carros parant? 10. Puella et agricola longam vitam laudant. Write Latin and English!