Lower Appendage

Femur Femur – largest, longest, strongest bone - articulates with acetabulum (proximal) and tibia & patella (distal) Region from the hip to the knee Head – large, smooth, ball-shaped; fits into acetabulum Greater & lesser trochanter – projections at proximal end; sites for muscle attachment Lateral & medial condyle – two large surfaces on distal end

Femur On posterior view, the gluteal tuberosity and the linea aspera both serve as attachement sites for the tendons of the thigh muscles.

Patella Kneecap Anchors the anterior thigh muscle to the tibia Base – broad, superior end Apex – pointed, inferior end

Fibula Slender bone on lateral side Head – on proximal end Lateral malleolus – projection at the distal end that articulates with the talus - forms the bulge of the ankle (outer)

Tibia Larger, weight bearing bone on medial side; articulates with the femur & fibula (proximal) and fibula & talus (distal) Lateral & medial condyles – slightly concave region where the condyles of the femur fit Tibial tuberosity – rough area below the condyles for attachment of ligaments associated with the knee Anterior crest – sharp ridge on anterior surface; forms the shin Medial malleolus – forms the medial bulge of the ankle (inner)

Foot Composed of the ankle, insteps and toes Tarsals – 7 Tarsus – ankle; articulates with lateral malleolus of fibula and medial malleolus of tibia Calcaneous – heel bone Navicular Meidal cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, cuboid Metatarsals – 5 Phalanges – 14 Hallux – big toe