1. Appendicular Skeleton
Monday, December 3rd

2. The Appendicular Skeleton
Consists of:
The upper limbs
The lower limbs
Girdles

3. The Pectoral Girdle Shoulder girdle 2 clavicles 2 scapulae
Clavicle = collar bone
Scapula = shoulder blade
Flat
Irregular

4. The Shoulder Blade Scapulae
Stretches from the shoulder to the vertebral column
Back side has a bony ridge for muscle attachment
This forms the ACROMION above the shoulder joint
Beneath the collar bone and on the inside of the shoulder joint
The CORACOID process
Another site for muscle attachment
Upper outer corner of the shoulder blade
Ends in the GLENOID CAVITY
Ball and socket joint

5. The Pectoral Girdle
Glenoid fossa – arm socket with the head of the humerus
Sternoclavicular joint – bony joint attaches the girdle to the trunk

6. The Collar Bone Clavicles Rod shaped and roughly S shaped
Lateral end articulated with the acromium
Serve as a support for the shoulder blades in the front
Keep the shoulder blades back so that the arms can hang freely at the sides of the body
Prevent the pectoral girdles from getting out of joint easily

7. The Upper Limbs The Upper Limbs are divided into 5 main regions:
Upper arm bone
Forearm
Wrist
Palm
Fingers

8. The Upper Arm Single long bone
Superior end – ball & socket joint with shoulder blade
Inferior end – ball & socket joint with the radius; hinge joint with the ulna

9. The Upper Arm

10. The Lower Arm Radius & ulna Ulna – larger of 2 bones
Situated on the inner side of the body
Superior end articulates with the humerus – ELBOW
Inferior end is slender – plays minor role in wrist joint formation
Radius
Situated on the outer side (same side as the thumb)
Superior end articulates with humerus AND the ulna
Inferior end – forms major part of the wrist
Allows the forearm to be rotated

11. The Lower Arm

12. The Wrist Consists of 8 carpal bones
Short, small bones arranged in 2 rows of 4
Articulating facets which allow them to slide over one another

13. The Palm Supported by 5 long metacarpals
Metacarpals articulate with carpels at one end and with the phalanges at the other end

14. The Fingers Made up of 14 phalanges Fingers 3 phalanges in each finger
Thumb
2 phalanges in each thumb

15. The Lower Limbs
Tuesday, December 4th

16. What will be on the TEST
For each area, refer to the list of APPENDICULAR BONES
I have looked at the test – the EXACT ones are on there!
You may have to look at a couple of different worksheets that I have handed out to you, but TRUST ME - they are all there!

17. The Lower Limbs There are 32 bones found in the lower limbs
Hip bone (1) (the rest are per leg)
Femur (1)
Patella (1)
Tibia (1)
Fibula (1)
Tarsals (8)
Metatarsals (5)
Proximal phlanges (5)
Intermediate phalanges (5)
Distal phalanges (4)

18. Pelvis
The hip bone is originally made up of 3 bones that have fused together:
1. ilium
2. ischium
3. pubis
These 3 bones come together at the acetablum

19. Leg Bones Femur Aka thigh bone Largest bone in the body
The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum
Patella
Knee cap

20. Leg Bones Tibia Aka the shinbone
Articulates with the femur and the talus (ankle)
Carries all of the body’s weight
Medial side of the body (inside)
Fibula
Runs parallel to the tibia
Acts as a stabilizer
Articulates with the tibia and the talus
Found on the lateral side

21. Ankle & Foot Hindfoot - Heel and ankle
Talus bone support the leg bones
Form the ankle
Calcaneous – largest bone in the foot
Forms the heel
Midfoot – arches
3 cuneiform bones
Cuboid bone
Navicular bone
Forefoot
5 longer bones - metatarsals
5 toes – phalanges