The Endocrine System

Functions of the Endocrine System Produces hormones which regulate body processes including: 1. Growth, development, behavior and reproduction 2. Metabolism - the production, use and storage of energy. 3. Maintaining Homeostasis 4. Responding to stimuli

What is a Hormone? A chemical produced in an organ of the endocrine system which is transported to another part of the body where it causes a physiological change.

What is a Target Cell ? Cells which has receptors on their plasma membrane or in their nuclei for specific endocrine hormones. Hormones will only act on specific cells which have receptors for that particular hormone.

How do Hormones Travel to their Target Cells? Once released by the gland , the hormone travels in the bloodstream and then attaches to a specific binding site found in the target cell.

Hormones and Their Functions Adrenaline (epinephrine) and the “Fight or Flight” reaction - Made by adrenal gland; increases the heart and breathing rate in preparation for the ensuing action. Thyroxine – made by the thyroid gland; regulates metabolism and growth Insulin - made by the pancreas; regulates sugar levels in the blood Melatonin - made in the pineal gland, regulates sleep patterns Estrogen – made in the ovaries, female hormone Testosterone – made in the testes; male hormone

Diseases of the Endocrine System Diabetes –Diabetes is a disorder in which the cells of your body are unable to take in glucose. Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, helps move the glucose into cells. A healthy pancreas adjusts the amount of insulin based on the level of glucose. But, if you have diabetes, this process breaks down, and blood sugar levels become too high causing various problems in the body. There are two main types of full-blown diabetes. People with Type 1 diabetes are completely unable to produce insulin. People with Type 2 diabetes can produce insulin, but their cells don't respond to it.. Type 1 Type 2

Hypothyrodism - under-active thyroid gland; casues lethargy, weight gain and mental sluggishness. Is treated with medication; artificial thyroid hormone.

Gigantism - overproduction of growth hormone in the pituitary gland