1. Endocrine System
Ap psychology

2. The Endocrine System
The Endocrine System is the body’s “slow” chemical communication system.
Communication is carried out by hormones synthesized by a set of glands.
Preview Question 4: How does the endocrine system-the body’s slower information system-transmit its messages?
Figure 2.11, p. 59

3. Endocrine System
Made up of glands which secrete different hormones into the bloodstream
Hormones are chemical messengers
Use the bloodstream to travel
Travel much slower than neurotransmitters
Regulates growth rate, digestion, blood pressure & sexual development

4. Hormones
Hormones are chemicals synthesized by the endocrine glands that are secreted in the bloodstream. Hormones affect the brain and many other tissues of the body.
For example, epinephrine (adrenaline) increases heart rate, blood pressure, blood sugar, and feelings of excitement during emergency situations.

5. Pituitary Gland
Is called the “master gland.” It is the most influential endocrine gland. It releases hormones that influence growth, and its secretions also influence the release of hormones by other endocrine glands.

6. Hypothalamus links nervous system & endocrine system
Pituitary gland is controlled by the hypothalamus
Stimulates growth
Stimulates adrenal cortex to release steroids
Stimulates contractions for childbirth & release of milk after childbirth
Adrenal gland produces various stress-related hormones
Helps trigger “fight or flight” response
Promotes muscle development

7. Pineal gland helps regulate sleep-wake cycles, produce melatonin
Pancreas regulates blood sugar levels (diabetes)
Thyroid gland regulates metabolic rate, growth & maturation
Ovaries foster female maturation (estrogen & progesterone)
Testes foster male sexual maturation-promotes sperm production, produces testosterone