1. The Endocrine System

2. What is the purpose of the endocrine system? Why do we need it?
Warm-up
What is the purpose of the endocrine system?
Why do we need it?

4. The Endocrine System are the glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

5. One of the body’s two communication systems
Endocrine System
One of the body’s two communication systems
Nervous and endocrine
A set of glands that produce hormones-- chemical messengers that circulate in the blood

6. hormones What are hormones?
The things adults say teenagers have too much of…
Chemical messengers circulated in the bloodstream.

7. Similar to neurotransmitters in that they are also messengers
Hormone
Chemical messengers produced by the endocrine glands and circulated in the blood
Similar to neurotransmitters in that they are also messengers
Slower communication system, but with longer lasting effects

8. Endocrine System

9. Brain region that controls the pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Brain region that controls the pituitary gland
Controls homeostasis – the bodies ability to remain at a status quo level

10. The endocrine system’s gland that controls the other endocrine glands
Pituitary Gland
The endocrine system’s gland that controls the other endocrine glands
Called the “master gland”
Located at the base of the brain and connects to the hypothalamus

11. Controls thirst by controlling the amount of water in the body’s cells
Pituitary Gland
Controls thirst by controlling the amount of water in the body’s cells
Controls female contractions, and tells the mammary glands to produce milk for newborns

12. May control grooming habits, companionship, and sexual behavior
Pituitary Gland
May control grooming habits, companionship, and sexual behavior
Controls the flow of the human growth hormones – dwarfism and gigantism

14. Responsible for the hormone “Melatonin”
Pineal Gland
Responsible for the hormone “Melatonin”
Increased levels of Melatonin cause behaviors associated with sleep
Decreased levels of Melatonin cause behaviors associated with wakefulness

16. Endocrine gland that helps regulate the energy level in the body
Thyroid Gland
Endocrine gland that helps regulate the energy level in the body
Located in the neck

17. Endocrine System

18. Thyroid Gland controls body temperature
Controls metabolism – our body’s ability to transform the food we eat into usable energy
Overactive? Behaviors may include excitability, insomnia, ADD, agitation, difficulty focusing
Reduced Activity? Behaviors may include sleepiness, reduced muscle tone, overweight

20. Endocrine glands that help to arouse the body in times of stress
Adrenal Gland
Endocrine glands that help to arouse the body in times of stress
Located just above the kidneys
Release epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

21. Endocrine System

22. Increase heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar
Adrenal Glands
Increase heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar
hormones involved in human stress response

24. Regulates the level of blood sugar (insulin) in the blood
Pancreatic Gland
Regulates the level of blood sugar (insulin) in the blood

25. Endocrine System

26. Insulin is needed in the body to break down sugars in the body
Pancreas
Insulin is needed in the body to break down sugars in the body
Too much insulin in the body devours all of the sugar in the blood. Behaviors exhibited include sluggishness and inattentiveness.

27. Too little insulin causes a buildup of sugar in the blood and makes the kidneys use a lot more water to flush it out of the body. The extra water needed to flush the sugar comes from surrounding cells, which in turn dehydrates them and leaves them vulnerable to infection and poisons.

29. Testosterone – primary males hormone Estrogen – primary female hormone
Sex Glands
Ovaries (females) and testes (males) are the glands that influence emotion and physical development.
Testosterone – primary males hormone
Estrogen – primary female hormone
Males and females have both estrogen and testosterone in their systems.

30. Endocrine System

31. Testicles – release androgens (male hormones)
Gonads
Testicles – release androgens (male hormones)
Ovaries – release estrogens (female hormones)
The presence of these chemicals influence male and female reproductive characteristics.