Animal Phyla

Animals Animals are multicellular organisms that cannot make their own food (heterotrophs) They are grouped into individual phyla based on things such as body structure and how they reproduce

Backbones All animals can be grouped into two categories Invertebrates Animals without a back bone 95% of all animals are in this category Sponges, Earthworms, sand dollars, snails, lobsters, insects

Vertebrates have bilateral symmetry Their right half looks the same as their left half

Vertebrates Vertebrates Animals with a back bones Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

Phylum Porifera Porifera- made up of sponges Live in water, but do not float around Live attached to a surface Filter the water for food

Phylum Annelida Annelida- invertebrates Most worms- earth worms and leaches Live in moist soil, or calm freshwater Segmented bodies (bilateral symmetry) Organ Systems

Phylum Echinodermata Invertebrates that live in the ocean Bodies are arranged like spokes on a wheel Radial Symmetry Sea Stars, Sea urchins, and sand dollars Have a nervous system, but no brain

Phylum Mollusca Mollusks Squid, octopuses, clams, mussels, snails, slugs Most live in the sea Except snails and slugs Have a shell Move using a foot (or tentacles)

Arthropoda Largest group of invertebrates Live everywhere Appeared before dinosaurs Scorpions, lobsters, dragon flies, ladybugs, ants All have jointed appendages (legs) Exoskeleton Most developed nervous system of invertebrates

Vertebrates Vertebrates Animals with a back bones Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

Phylum Chordata All Vertebrates belong to this phylum All Chordates have a notochord, a rod shape supporting structure in their back at some stage in their developement

Class Classes are the next division below Phyla There are 5 classes of Vertebrates we need to know Bony Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals

Bony Fish Largest class of Fish All Fish live in Water All have gills to filter water Lay eggs They have two chambered hearts that circulate blood

Amphibians Spend the first part of lives in water Hatch eggs in water (like fish) As they grow their bodies change Smooth skin, 2 pairs of legs Frogs, toads, salamanders

Reptiles Live in or near water (generally) Have lungs, scales, and lay eggs Eggs are leathery Hearts are much like birds and mammals

Birds Two legs and two wings Lay hard shelled eggs Most fly, but not all (penguin) Have feathers for flight and insulation Bones are hollow Can regulate body temp (fish, reptiles and amphibians cannot)

Mammals All have fur or hair Females produce milk to feed young Most have 4 legs (2 arms and 2 legs, 2 legs and 2 wings) Whales, bears, cats, deer, kangaroo, humans