1. Unit 4
Animals

2. animal characteristics
3 interaction function
To find food and avoid dangerous environments
They use their sense organs to interact with their environments
the sense organs work with the nervous system to interact with the environment
1 Symmetry
Body parts are the same on both sides of the body
Animals whose bodies are not the same are asymmetric
* example: sponges
2 body organisation
Animals need to move, breathe, grow, reproduce, excrete, and obtain nutrients.
Animals´bodies need organs and systems to perform these

3. Has a vertebral column and hard internal skeleton
classifying animals
Has a vertebral column and hard internal skeleton
Vertebrates
hard internal skeleton
vertebral column
*with head, trunk, and limbs
five groups
*fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
Invertebrates
haven´t got internal skeleton or vertebral column
Some have a hard shell or exoskeleton
all invertebrates are oviparous
*they lay eggs

4. questions Animals are Multicellular or unicellular?
True or False: The left side of an animal is the same as the right side of an animal.
What is an example of an animal that is not symmetrical?
what two things do animals need to perform vital functions?
sense organs are connected to what system?
Animals are Multicellular or unicellular?
What are the three characteristics of animals?
Animals are heterotrophic or autotrophic?
True, except for some asymmetrical animals
sponges
Symmetry
Body organization
interaction function
Organs and systems
Nervous system

5. vertebrates: Fish Their bodies are important
*fins to move them through the water
*they can move up and down and side to side
how their bodies function
*live in the water use gills to breathe
*are oviparous
two types of fish
*bony fish
*cartilaginous fish
Use fins to move

6. vertebrates: Amphibians
physical appearance
*Amphibians start their lives with gills and later develop lungs
*have long, sticky tongues to catch insects
how their bodies function
*carnivores and mainly oviparous
two types of amphibians
*anuras (ex: toads and frogs)
*urodelas (EX: salamanders)

7. True or False: Amphibians can breathe with both gills and lungs.
Amphibians are oviparous or viviparous?
Where do amphibians lay their eggs?
What are examples of the two types of amphibians? What characteristics do they have?
more questions
What do invertebrates have that vertebrates do not?
True or False: All Vertebrates are oviparous.
True False: all fish have hard bony skeletons.
True
They haven´t got an internal skeleton. Some have an exoskeleton.
Could be both but are mainly oviparous.
They lay their eggs in humid areas or in water.
False. All invertebrates are oviparous
False. Some have skeletons made of cartilage
Anuras: toads and frogs. Can jump large distances. Back legs are longer than front legs.
Urodelas: Salamanders. Four legs and a long tail.

8. Vertebrates: Reptiles
Physical Appearance
*have tails and four legs (except for snakes)
*thick, Scaly skin
*Snakes use their strong muscles to move
How their bodies function
*Breathe with their lungs
*eggs hatch on land far from water
types of reptiles
*squamata: lizards and serpents
*testudines: tortoises and turtle
*crocodilia: crocodiles and alligators

9. Vertebrates: birds Physical appearance have wings and hollow bones
they are covered in feathers
how their bodies function
birds are oviparous
have air sacs
Types of birds
flying birds (ex: dove)
flightless birds (ex: penguin)

10. Vertebrates: mammals Physical appearance Humans
*four extremities and hair
cats, dogs, rabbits, etc
*four extremities, fur, and a tail
Dolphins
* fins
Bats
* wings

11. vertebrates: Mammals how their bodies function
Mammals feed their young with milk
how their bodies function
mammals breathe with lungs
most important feature is:
* female mammals feed their young with milk
herbivore: feed on plants
carnivore: feed on meat
omnivore: feed on both meat and plants
herbivore
Carnivore
Omnivore

12. Vertebrates: Mammals Types of mammals monotremes
* mammals that lay eggs but feed their young with milk
* example: platypus
marsupials
* viviparous but offspring grow in pouches on their body
* Examples: kangaroos and koalas
placental
* viviparous and formed inside the mother
* examples: humans, cats, dogs, rabbits...
Marsupials
Monotremes
Placental

13. more questions
what are two examples of the different bodies mammals can have?
What are the three classifications of mammals depending on what they eat?
What are the three types of mammals? Examples?
What are two functions of feathers on birds?
Why do birds need the air sacs connected to their lungs?
What are two examples of flightless birds?
to help maintain temperature
help them fly
Humans have four limbs and hair. Cats have four limbs, a tail, and fur. Bats have wings and dolphins have fins
To increase their capacity and effectiveness.
Herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores.
Penguins, Emus, and ostriches.
Monotremes: platypus
Marsupials: kangaroo and koala
Placental: humans, bunnies, cats...

14. Invertebrates Most distinguishing feature:
Echinoderms
Most distinguishing feature:
* they do not have an internal skeletal system or a backbone
the 6 groups of invertebrates:
* Poriferas: sponges
* cnidarians: jellyfish
* annelids: earthworms
* echinoderms: starfish
* molluscs: Snails
*arthropods: Butterflies
Arthropods
Annelids
Porifera
Molluscs
Cnidarians

15. Invertebrates: Molluscs
Physical appearance
* many molluscs are covered in a hard shell
how their bodies function
* Aquatic molluscs: use gills to absorb oxygen
land molluscs: have a simple respiratory cavity
three types of molluscs
*gastropods: snails and slugs
*bivalves: mussel, clam, and oysters
*cephalopods: octopus, squid, cuttlefish
Gastropod
Bivalves
Tentacles to move
Cephalopods

16. Invertebrates: Arthropods
* crustaceans: crabs, prawns, barnacles
- have got ten legs
* myriapoda: centipedes and millipedes
- they have numerous legs
* insects: bees, beetles, butterflies
- they have six legs and many have wings
Physical appearance
* have got an exoskeleton
* Have a head, a segmented body,
and several pairs of legs
how their bodies function
* Aquatic arthropods use gills to breathe
* land arthropods have got tiny tubes
types
* arachnids: spiders, scorpions, ticks
- have got eight legs

17. questions Do arthropods have a skeleton or exoskeleton?
What are the two ways that arthropods breathe?
What are the four types of arthropods? Examples?
What are the main characteristics of insects?
questions
What is the main difference between vertebrates and invertebrates?
What are the three groups of molluscs? Examples?
Where do molluscs live?
Aquatic arthropods have gills and land arthropods have tiny tubes.
Vertebrates have an internal skeleton and a spinal column.
Arachnids: spiders, scorpions, and ticks.
Crustaceans: crabs, prawns, barnacles.
Myriapoda: centipedes and millipedes.
Insects: bees, beetles, butterflies
Gastropods: snails, bivalves: mussels, and cephalopods: squid
There are aquatic molluscs and land molluscs.
They have six legs and many have wings