Commas to set off sentence openers

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Presentation transcript:

Commas to set off sentence openers Punctuation Notes Commas to set off sentence openers

Dependent and Independent A baby depends on his mother to take care of him. He cannot be left alone. A dependent clause also cannot be left alone because it is not a complete sentence. Independent- A college student feels independent because they are living on their own. An independent clause is a complete sentence and can be left on its own. It has a subject and a verb (predicate).

Practice: Dependent or Independent? If it is dependent, cradle your arms as if you are holding a baby. If it is independent, put your fist in the air as if you are declaring your freedom.

You should call your mother Dependent or Independent? You should call your mother

Dependent or Independent? You should call your mother You should call your mother  independent clause

Dependent or Independent? On the train

Dependent or Independent On the train No subject, no verb= dependent clause

Dependent or Independent? He fights

Dependent or Independent? He fights S V  independent clause

Dependent or Independent? Winter is here

Dependent or Independent? Winter is here S V  independent clause

Dependent or Independent? Waking in the morning

Dependent or Independent? Waking in the morning No subject & verb= dependent clause

Dependent or Independent? Over the river, through the woods, and beyond the mountains

Dependent or Independent? Over the river, through the woods, and beyond the mountains No subject & verb= dependent clause

Dependent or Independent? cats are evil

Dependent or Independent? cats are evil  independent clause

An opener/beginner is: A dependent clause at the beginning of a sentence. It is ALWAYS set off by commas. Opener (dependent) , sentence (independent). Example: Through the haystack, the mouse ran.

Use commas to set off a prepositional phrase sentence opener What is a prepositional phrase? A group of words that starts with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun. A prepositional phrase is NOT a complete sentence. [through the haystack] [around the corner] [during the game]

Use commas to set off a participial phrase sentence opener What is a participial phrase? A group of words that starts with a “ing” or “ed” verb and ends with a noun. A participial phrase is NOT a complete sentence. Tired of running Blinking in the bright sunlight

Review An opener has the following format: Opener (dependent) , sentence (independent).