1. The wonderful world of phrases and clauses
The wonderful world of phrases and clauses

2. General Definitions
Phrase-is a group of words that contains a subject OR a predicate (NOT BOTH)
Clause-is a group of words that contains a subject and predicate
Independent clauses express complete thoughts (can be sentences)
Dependent clauses cannot be sentences on their own

3. Checking for Understanding
Are the following groups of words a phrase or a clause.

4. at the store
phrase

5. Gina came into the store
Clause
independent

6. although I could not play
Clause
dependent

7. The running water
phrase

8. from earlier centuries
phrase

9. before a hurricane occurs
Clause
dependent

10. I took a quick jog
Clause
independent

11. through the winter months
phrase

12. during the rainy season
phrase

13. since airports need room
clause
dependent

14. Prepositional Phrases
Prepositional phrases begin with a preposition and end with a noun
Gives information about a noun or verb
The bee buzzed with his bee friends from the beehive, around the garden, then to the tree and over it.
The monkey swung from branch to branch through the forest under the sunny sky.

15. Appositive Phrase
Is noun or pronoun that renames, identifies, or describes the noun preceding it
Johnny Depp, a handsome actor, starred in Pirates of the Caribbean.
Kiera Knightly costarred in the movie, a huge box office success.

16. Verbal phrases-are verbs used as a different part of speech
Gerunds-Nouns
Infinitives- Nouns
Participles-Adjectives
Kevin Spacey as “Verbal”
Kint in The Usual Suspects

17. Gerunds Ends in –ing Are used as nouns
Swimming in the ocean has been Sharon’s passion since she was five years old.
Bill avoided doing his math assignment because the World Series was on.
Talking while chewing gum can lead to accidents.

18. Infinitives Start with the word “to” followed by a verb
Are used as nouns
To be or not to be: that is the question.
I want to learn to speak Japanese.

19. CAUTION! Sometimes certain prepositional phrase look like infinitives.
If a “to” is followed by a noun, it is being used as a preposition.
If it is followed by a verb, then it is an infinitive.
I went to the store to buy chocolate milk.

20. Participles and Participial Phrases
End in –ing OR –ed
Are used as adjectives

21. Present Participles End in –ing; used as adjective
The grinning Chesire Cat slowly
disappeared from Alice’s view.
The losing team ran off the field, crying and moping on the way toward the locker rooms.
Don’t get these mixed up with gerunds that end in –ing but are used as nouns!

22. Past Participles End in –ed Used as Adjectives
Covered in slime, the Chemist adjusted his formula so to not create a second explosion.
The binder, worn from years of misuse, finally lost its cover.

23. Learning Goal
I will be able to identify and properly punctuate phrases and clauses within a sentence.
After being introduced to the subject matter, how do you feel about your current knowledge of the learning goal?