1. Phrases
Honors English 9

2. Prepositional Phrase Preposition + noun or pronoun
Prepositional phrases function as adjectives or adverbs

3. Appositive Phrase
Appositive = noun or pronoun placed near another noun or pronoun to identify, rename, or explain it
When non-essential, the appositive phrase is set off by commas

4. Participial Phrase
Present participle,ending in –ing, or past participle, ending in –ed, plus any modifiers or complements
always act as adjectives
Example: Working around the clock, the firefighters finally put out the last of the California brush fires.

5. Infinitive Phrase
consists of an infinitive — the root of the verb preceded by to — and any modifiers or complements associated with it
can act as adjectives, adverbs, and nouns
Example: Juan went to college to study veterinary medicine.

6. Gerund Phrase
Gerund, verb form ending in –ing, plus any modifiers and complements
Acts as a noun
Functions as a unit and can do anything that a noun can do (subject, D.O., I.O., object of prep., pred. nom.)
Example: Cramming for tests is not a good study strategy.