The Fight for World Dominance Unit 7 The Cold War The Fight for World Dominance

The Cold War What: a state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare Who: The U.S. and the Soviet Union When: 1948 to 1989 Vs

The Cold War Both countries competed for influence in the developing world by offering Military and Economic aid. Examples of this could be seen in: Germany Korea Vietnam China

Germany Was Divided into two separate countries by the Allies following World War II.

Marshall Plan Plan to rebuild Europe Sent $13 billion to Europe Name for U.S. Sec. of State (George C. Marshall) Sent $13 billion to Europe Rebuild/revitalize economy Offered to all countries Soviets and allies did not accepted Countries that did became U.S. allies Firmly capitalist

The Marshall Plan The Marshall Plan – it was a program of European economic recovery after WWII, financed by the U.S. It consisted mainly of supplying countries with money and food. The Marshall Plan was named after U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall.

The Marshall Plan It was designed to strengthen democratic governments and prevent the spread of Communism in developing countries.

Germany Was Divided into two separate countries by the Allies following World War II.

West Germany West Germany Federal Republic of Germany Set up by the United States Government = Democratic Economy = Capitalist

East Germany German Democratic Republic Set up by the Soviet Union Government = Communist Economy = Command (Communist)

The Berlin Airlift The Soviets placed a trade blockade on West Berlin causing the U.S. and Great Britain to come to their aide. This blockade is considered by many to be the official beginning of the Cold War.

The Berlin Wall To stop people from leaving East Berlin for West Berlin the Soviets built the Berlin Wall separating the two states 1961.

The Berlin Wall The Destruction of the Berlin Wall in November of 1989 marks the end of the Cold War.

NATO/Warsaw Pact (north atlantic treaty org) Defense Organization for Western Europe Opposed to communism/Soviets The first NATO Secretary General Lord Ismay, famously stated the organization's goal was "to keep the Russians out, the Americans in, and the Germans down" Warsaw Pact Soviet Response to NATO Defensive alliance for Communist nations Controlled by Soviets/Stalin Most nations behind Iron Curtain did not have choice Soviets needed to appear as powerful (numerous) as the West

The Warsaw Pact An agreement made between the Soviet Union and seven satellite nations in Eastern Europe in which they agreed to come to each others aide if any of them went to war.

Maps

Nuclear Weapons East (Soviets) and West (U.S.) growing rivalry Nuclear Arms Race East (Soviets) and West (U.S.) growing rivalry Much of next 40 years spent on verge of war U.S. has nuclear weapons Soviets shortly acquire 1949 During Cold War, both sides knew other could end all life on Earth Nuclear Holocaust This threat defined a generation

The Warsaw Pact Some of these countries did not like being influenced by the Soviet Union. To show that it would not allow any threat to its control of Eastern Europe, the Soviets stopped an uprising in Hungary.

The Warsaw Pact To control the seven satellite countries, the Soviets used the: Warsaw Pact Propaganda Intimidation And the KGB

Iron Curtain Europe is divided Both afraid of other’s power Soviet Communist side U.S./Western Capitalist side Both afraid of other’s power U.S. vows to not let Communism spread Soviet Union fears capitalist influence Tensions begin to run high

Creation of UN Created to replace League of Nations Charter in 1945 Clearly failed to prevent WWII Charter in 1945 Five permanent members of Security Council U.S., UK, France, U.S.S.R. (Russia), China Created to work through world conflict peacefully Varying degrees of effectiveness Some don’t like (even today)

The United Nations The Allies set up an international organization to ensure that a world war would never happen again. There are 6 major bodies to the U.N. The Security Council is the most powerful with its ability to veto any decision made by any other council member.

China and Communism Since the 1920’s China had two parties fighting for power. Chiang Kai-Shek led the Democratic Party Mao Tse Tung led the Communist Party. Vs Mao TseTung Chiang Kai-Shek

China and Communism Shek defeated Tung in 1934 and forced all the communist on the “Long March” out of China. Out of the 90,000 that began the march only 7,000 survived. It was a 6,000 mile long journey through rugged terrain and mountains.

China and Communism Mao Tse Tung rebuilt his army and in 1949, defeated Chaing Kai-Shek, whose democratic government had become corrupt.

China and Communism Chiang Kai-Shek and his army were forced to retreat to Taiwan, an island 100 miles of the coast of China, where he would spend the rest of his life.

Close Questions: What is the Cold War? Who was involved? Where was it “fought”? Why was it “fought”?