Plant Diversity

Plant Divisions/groups Based on 3 important features Water-conducting (vascular) tissues Seeds Flowers (seeds enclosed in fruit)

Ferns and their relatives Flowering plants Cone-bearing plants Ferns and their relatives Mosses and their relatives Green algae ancestor Flowers; Seeds Enclosed in Fruit Seeds Water-Conducting (Vascular) Tissue

Plant kingdom divided into 4 major groups: Mosses and their relatives (non-vascular plants) Ferns and their relatives (seedless vascular plants) Cone-bearing plants (seed plants-gymnosperms) Flowering plants (seed plants-angiosperms)

Cone-bearing plants 760 species Flowering plants 235,000 species Ferns and their relatives 11,000 species Mosses and their relatives 15,600 species

1. Bryophytes Mosses and their relatives No vascular tissues Absorb water by osmosis only a few centimeters above the ground  keeps them small Reproduce using spores (develop into sperm or egg cells)

2. Seedless vascular plants Include club mosses, horsetails, and ferns. Have true roots, leaves, and stems Reproduce using spores

Vascular tissue Made of tube-like elongated cells through which water and minerals are transported. Include xylem & phloem

                                                                                           Club mosses Horse tails Ferns

3. Gymnosperms Bear their seeds directly on the surface of cones Seed includes embryo, food supply, & protective seed coat Seed coat Embryo Stored food supply Seed Wing

Examples Cycads Gnetophytes Conifers Gingko

4. Angiosperms Develop unique reproductive organs known as flowers Seeds are enclosed in fruit Most common and familiar plant group

Flowering plants divided into 2 groups: Monocotyledons Ex. Wheat, grasses, lilies, bamboo, corn Dicotyledons Ex. Most trees & shrubs, roses, daisies Cotyledon = seed leaves

Types of Roots Tap Fibrous

Vascular Tissues/Bundles in Stems Asparagus Alfalfa

Vascular Tissues/Bundles in Roots Zea Mays Ranunculus