1. PLANTS
Redwood picture

2. Plants are broken into two main divisions:
Non vascular – did not have tubelike tissues to move water and food:
mosses, liverworts and hornworts
Vascular – have tubelike tissues that move water and food through the plants:
Ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms

3. Fern Vascular plants Two types:
Seedless – ferns, horsetails & club mosses
Seed plants – gymnosperms and angiosperms
Angiosperm
Gymnosperm

4. Gymnosperms Four major characteristics of gymnosperms are
1) Seeds are not enclosed in a fruit
2) Do not produce flowers
3) Leaves are needlelike
4) Many are evergreen

5. Major Gymnosperms Cycads – look like a palm tree
Ginkgo – has a split leave
Gnetophytes – an ornamental bush or shrub
Conifers are cone bearing Gymnosperms - spruce, firs, junipers and pine trees – (Many look like Christmas trees)
Redwoods are the tallest conifer

6. cycad
spruce
Pine tree
ginkgo
gnetophyta

7. Other Characteristics of Gymnosperms
They secrete (produce) a sticky substance called resin
Cones contain the unprotected seed of a conifer (cone is the “fruit”)
The wood of conifers is softwood, so it is widely used in the building industry
Fragrant wood for closets and chests is cedar

8. ANGIOSPERMS Major characteristics of angiosperms are
1) Produce Flowers
2) Lose their leaves in winter (usually)
3) Produce a fruit in which their seeds are contained

9. One type of Angiosperm is a
Monocots (characteristics)
One seed coat (monocotyledon)
Long narrow leaves
Flower parts in multiples of threes
Examples – grass, wheat, orchids, palm tree, tiger lily

10. Another type of Angiosperm is
Dicot (characteristics)
1) Two seed coats (dicotyledon)
2) Broad leaves
3) Flowers in multiples of fours or fives
Examples – cactus, oaks, magnolia trees, lima beans, rose, maples, sunflowers

11. Flower Parts
/Peduncle

12. Flower Parts and Their Functions
Stamen – male part of the flower
Filament – the stalk of the stamen
Pistil – female part of the flower
Style – connects stigma and ovary
Stigma – sticky top of the pistil
Ovary – swollen base of the pistil
Petal – colorful part of the flower
Sepals – tiny leaves that protect the flower bud

13. Pollination and Fertilization of plants
Pollination – transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower
Fertilization – the pollen forms a tube which grows down into the egg, and the sperm (pollen) unites with the egg (ovule) to form a seed.

14. XYLEM AND PHLOEM
Xylem and Phloem are like the “arteries and veins” of animals.
Xylem takes water and minerals from the roots and upward into the plants
Phloem (food) takes nutrients (glucose) from the leaves and downward throughout the plant