#5 Ch 16 S 3 Details: Read & Notes Ch 16 S 3 ___________________ 11.7.5 Discuss the constitutional issues and impact of events on the U.S. home front, including the response of the administration to Hitler's atrocities against Jews and other groups.

Chapter 16: World War Looms Section 3: The Holocaust

Standards 11.7.5 Discuss the constitutional issues and impact of events on the U.S. home front, including the response of the administration to Hitler's atrocities against Jews and other groups.

Objectives Following lecture and reading of this section, students will be able to: Describe the Holocaust and the U.S. response to it.

Overview During the Holocaust, the Nazis systematically executed 6 million Jews and 5 million other “non-Aryans.” 11 million people total killed Genocide-systematic extermination of a group Millions other imprisoned in work camps

Jews Targeted Hitler ordered all “non-Aryans” to be removed from government jobs (1933) Europe has long history of anti-Semitism Hatred of Jews Hitler claimed Jews were the cause of the failures of Germany’s economy and loss of WWI Germans believe Hitler’s claims, blame Jews for problems

Kristallnacht Nuremburg Laws Nazis take away from Jews Citizenship Jobs Property Require all Jews to wear Star of David (yellow) Kristallnacht (11/9/38)-Nazis attacked Jewish homes, businesses, synagogues About 100 Jews killed, hundreds injured, 30,000 arrested Goal: get Jews to leave Jews blamed for destroying their own property

A Flood of Jewish Refugees 1938, Nazis try to speed up Jewish emigration Jews cannot find any nations to take them. France takes 40,000 refugees, Britain takes 80,000 + 30,000 in Palestine; both refuse more U.S. takes 100,000 “persons of exceptional merit” as refugees Americans feared economic strain of refugees, entrance of enemy agents; anti-Semitism developed

The Plight of the St. Louis The St. Louis was a Jewish ocean liner Headed for U.S. Full of Jewish refugees from Germany Coast Guard prevented passengers on St. Louis from disembarking Would not let the Jews into America Ship forced to return to Europe; most passengers killed in Holocaust

U.S. Response to Holocaust U.S. placed a limit on the # of Jewish refugees allowed in the U.S. 4 reasons: Large #s immigrants would compete for jobs during the Depression. Anti-Semetic (anti-Jew) feelings of some Americans We did not want to be seen as aiding Hitler’s enemy and become his enemy. Americans worried about spies from war torn countries.

The Condemned Targeted: Hitler’s Final Solution: Slavery Genocide of “inferior” groups Genocide- deliberate, systematic killing of an entire population Nazi death squads rounded up Jews & shot them (SS) Targeted: Jews Gypsies Freemasons Jehovah’s Witnesses unfit Germans Homosexuals Mentally retarded

Forced Relocation Jews were forced into ghettos segregated areas in Polish cities Inside the ghettos, some formed resistance movements Underground newspapers Others maintain Jewish culture Education Theater Music

Concentration Camps Many Jews taken to concentration camps, or labor camps Families often were separated Camps were originally prisons Camps were given to SS to warehouse “undesirables” Prisoners crammed into wooden barracks, given little food, most died… Worked dawn to dusk, 7 days per week Those too weak to work are killed

Mass Exterminations Germans built death camps; gas chambers used to kill thousands On arrival, SS doctors separated those who could or could not work Those who can’t work immediately killed in gas chamber At first bodies buried in pits Later cremated to cover up evidence Some are shot, hanged, poisoned, or die from experiments

The Survivors About 6 million Jews killed in death camps, massacres Some escape, many with help from ordinary people Some survive concentration camps Survivors forever changed by experience

#5 Ch 16 S 3 Details: Read & Notes Ch 16 S 3 Margin ?s A-C (3) Video Quiz #1-10 11.7.5 Discuss the constitutional issues and impact of events on the U.S. home front, including the response of the administration to Hitler's atrocities against Jews and other groups.