Tuesday 3-23-2010 NOTES: Translation.

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Presentation transcript:

Tuesday 3-23-2010 NOTES: Translation

(1) Translation Purpose: Use instructions copied onto mRNA to make Protein. Where: Cytoplasm “Players”: mRNA rRNA + Ribosome tRNA Amino Acids

(2) Translation Steps mRNA connects with rRNA + Ribosome at “Start Codon”. tRNA transfers in specific amino acids. tRNA anticodons match up with mRNA codons. Amino Acids are bonded to form Polypeptide (Protein). *All of this moves through the Ribosomal Unit! The End Result: 1 Polypeptide (Protein)

(3) Codons & Anticodons Codons: Anticodons: mRNA Every 3 nitrogenous bases = 1 Codon 1 Codon  1 Anticodon  1 specific amino acid Anticodons: tRNA There is 1 tRNA for each type of amino acid. tRNA anticodon matches w/mRNA codon.

(4) Start & Stop Start Codon = AUG (Methionine) 3 base sequence Bonds w/ribosomal unit and tRNA Must be present to start translation! Stop Codon = UAA, UAG, UGA, UGG Signals tRNA to stop transferring amino acids Necessary to complete protein!

How do I figure out the amino acid sequence, using mRNA? (5) Codons  Amino Acids How do I figure out the amino acid sequence, using mRNA? Know the mRNA codon. Example: AUG Work from Inside  Out on “Chart”. Find the name of the Amino Acid! Example: AUG = Met or Methionine

(6) 1 Gene = 1 Polypeptide Discovered by Tatum. Gene = Specific DNA Sequence 1 Specific DNA Sequence produces 1 Polypeptide (Protein).

Original DNA Sequence: TAC—AAG—GGT—GTC—ATC (7) EXAMPLE Original DNA Sequence: TAC—AAG—GGT—GTC—ATC What would the complimentary DNA strand be? What would the complimentary mRNA strand be? What would be the amino acid sequence? What would be the complimentary tRNA anticodon sequence?